Transcriptome analysis reveals dynamic changes in the salt stress response in Salix
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Transcriptome analysis reveals dynamic changes in the salt stress response in Salix Jie Zhou1 • Jing Huang1 • Xueyao Tian2 • Jiwei Zheng1 • Xudong He1
Received: 5 November 2018 / Accepted: 30 December 2018 Ó Northeast Forestry University 2019
Abstract Soil salinization is a serious ecological problem worldwide and information regarding the salt tolerance mechanisms of Salix is scarce. To elucidate the dynamic changes in the molecular mechanisms of Salix under salt stress, we generated gene expression profiles and examined changes in the expression of those genes. RNA-Seq was used to produce six cDNA libraries constructed from the leaves of Salix 9 jiangsuensis CL ‘J2345’ treated with NaCl for 0, 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. In total, 249 million clean reads were assembled into 12,739 unigenes, all of which were clustered into 10 profiles based on their temporal expression patterns. KEGG analysis revealed that as an early defense response, the biosynthesis pathways of cutin, suberin and wax, which are involved in cell wall structure, were activated beginning at 2 h. The expression of secondary metabolism genes, including those involved in the phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid Project funding The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31400572), the Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation (BK20141039), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (31300556). The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com Corresponding editor: Tao Xu.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11676-019-00941-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Xudong He [email protected] 1
Jiangsu Academy of Forestry, Nanjing 211153, People’s Republic of China
2
Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People’s Republic of China
and gingerol pathways, peaked at 6 h and 24 h; the upregulated genes were mainly involved in plant hormone pathways and beta-alanine, galactose and betalain metabolism. We identified roles of key phytohormones and found ETH to be the major signaling molecule activating TFs at 12 h; ETH, ABA, IAA and SA were the key molecules at 24 h. Moreover, we found that the upregulated genes were associated with elevated levels of amino acids, sucrose, inositol, stress proteins and ROS-scavenging enzymes, contributing to the maintenance of water balance. This research constitutes the first detailed analysis of salt stress-related mechanisms in Salix and identifies potential targets for genetic manipulation to improve yields. Keywords De novo assembly RNA-Seq profiling Salix Salt stress Temporal specificity
Introduction High salinity is the most severe abiotic environmental factor encountered by plants; high salinity causes oxidative damage, ion toxicity, and nutrient imbalance, all of which adversely affect plant growth and yield (Yao et al. 2016). Approximately 6% of the land area and 20% of irrigated land worldwide are influenced by sal
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