Transgressive segregation and gene regions controlling thermotolerance of fruit set and pollen germination in Capsicum c
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Transgressive segregation and gene regions controlling thermotolerance of fruit set and pollen germination in Capsicum chinense Akira Yamazaki
. Kenta Shirasawa
. Munetaka Hosokawa
Received: 11 June 2020 / Accepted: 9 October 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Breeding for thermotolerance in processes determining fruit set and pollen germination is increasingly needed as global warming progresses. We previously reported good yields at high temperatures from the F1 hybrid of the Capsicum chinense cultivars ‘Sy-2’ and ‘No. 3686’, both of which yield poorly at high temperatures. Moreover, the percentages of fruit set at high temperature in the F2 population segregated quantitively. In addition, percentages of fruit set in some F2 individuals exceeded those of the F1 hybrid. Analysis of the F2 population
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10681-020-02712-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. A. Yamazaki Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan K. Shirasawa Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan M. Hosokawa (&) Department of Agriculture, Kindai University, 332 Nakamachi, Nara-shi, Nara 631-8505, Japan e-mail: [email protected] M. Hosokawa Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, 3327-204 Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan
using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq) shows that the percentage of fruit set under high temperature is strongly associated to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in a certain gene region of chromosome 6 and weakly associated to a gene region on the chromosome 3. Furthermore, the pollen germination rate is strongly associated to SNPs of the same regions on chromosomes 3 and 6. Analysis of the genotypes and traits in another F2 population shows that the genotype determined by the cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence marker designed on the candidate gene region is associated to the percentage of fruit set and the pollen germination rate at high temperatures, supporting the results of ddRAD-Seq. The presence of alleles from both the gene regions of chromosome 3 from ‘No. 3686’ and chromosome 6 from ‘Sy-2’ increased the percentage of fruit set additively. We suggest that genes controlling fruit set and pollen germination at high temperature are located in these two gene regions. Keywords Heat tolerance Pollen Capsicum DNA marker Transgressive segregation Abbreviations CAPS Cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence ddRADDouble-digest restriction site-associated Seq DNA sequence
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GLM GWAS NGS QTL SNP
Generalized linear model Genome wide association study Next-generation sequencing Quantitative traits locus Single nucleotide polymorphism
Introduction Global climate change is causing ambient temperatures to rise rapidly. Climate models predict that by the end
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