Ultra-Low-Voltage Design of Energy-Efficient Digital Circuits
This book focuses on increasing the energy-efficiency of electronic devices so that portable applications can have a longer stand-alone time on the same battery. The authors explain the energy-efficiency benefits that ultra-low-voltage circuits provide an
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Nele Reynders Wim Dehaene
Ultra-Low-Voltage Design of Energy-Efficient Digital Circuits
Analog Circuits and Signal Processing
Series Editors Mohammed Ismail The Ohio State University Dept. Electrical & Computer Engineering Dublin Ohio USA Mohamad Sawan École Polytechnique de Montréal Montreal Québec Canada
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7381
Nele Reynders • Wim Dehaene
Ultra-Low-Voltage Design of Energy-Efficient Digital Circuits
123
Nele Reynders ESAT-MICAS, KU Leuven Heverlee, Belgium
Wim Dehaene ESAT-MICAS, KU Leuven Heverlee, Belgium
ISSN 1872-082X ISSN 2197-1854 (electronic) Analog Circuits and Signal Processing ISBN 978-3-319-16135-8 ISBN 978-3-319-16136-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-16136-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015935431 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www. springer.com)
Preface
These days the Internet of Things (IoT) is the big focus when conceiving digital systems. Given the billions of nodes that are ultimately projected for IoT, low energy signal processing is the holy grail. Ignoring the question whether or not the grail can actually be found, we thus embarked on a quest for a significant reduction of the energy consumption per digital operation. The first parameter that catches the eye when wishing to reduce energy is the power supply voltage. We all know that dynamic energy per operation is “cap-times-Vdd -square”. So the obvious conclusion is: let us reduce the power supply voltage as much as possible. That was the starting point of the design. As always in research, it is not that simple: the square is only dynamic energy, at low voltages the robustness reduces considerably and so on. Where this research journey will end, is the subject of the book you a
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