Ultrastructural, Morphological, and Antifungal Properties of Micro and Nanoparticles of Chitosan Crosslinked with Sodium
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Ultrastructural, Morphological, and Antifungal Properties of Micro and Nanoparticles of Chitosan Crosslinked with Sodium Tripolyphosphate Octavio Cota-Arriola • Mario Onofre Cortez-Rocha • Josafat Marina Ezquerra-Brauer • Jaime Lizardi-Mendoza • Armando Burgos-Herna´ndez • Rosario Maribel Robles-Sa´nchez Maribel Plascencia-Jatomea
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Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
Abstract Recent studies have demonstrated the antibacterial effect of micro and nanoparticles of chitosan (CS) crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), and incorporating metallic ions, bringing that the size, shape, and zeta potential are related to the antimicrobial potential. However, there are few studies on the antifungal activity and the effect of TPP on the antimicrobial potential. Micro and nanoparticles were prepared from CS by ionotropic gelation with TPP, and structurally characterized by transmission and scanning electron spectroscopy, and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. Depending on the concentration of CS and TPP, spherical particles were obtained from 80 nm to 20 lm. Subsequently, particles were evaluated for their antifungal potential against Aspergillus parasiticus assessing radial growth, spore germination, and morphological changes. An increase in the antifungal potential compared with CS in solution was observed, inhibiting the development of the fungus causing clear morphological changes in both, hyphae and spores. Particle size and the availability of functional groups of CS/TPP (amino group and phosphate), suggest a possible synergistic effect between CS and TPP.
O. Cota-Arriola M. O. Cortez-Rocha J. M. Ezquerra-Brauer A. Burgos-Herna´ndez R. M. Robles-Sa´nchez M. Plascencia-Jatomea (&) Departamento de Investigacio´n y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales s/n. Col. Centro, PO Box 1658, CP 83000 Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico e-mail: [email protected] J. Lizardi-Mendoza Centro de Investigaciones en Alimentacio´n y Desarrollo, AC Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
Keywords Chitosan Antifungal activity Microparticles Nanoparticles Sodium tripolyphosphate
Introduction Chitosan is a polymer obtained by chemical or enzymatic [1] deacetylation of chitin, a natural polymer mainly obtained from crustaceans and insects exoskelton, and fungal cell walls [2]. Chemically, chitosan is a linear biopolymer formed by units of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucose and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose linked by 1–4 [3]. It also presents a cationic character by protonation of amino group at acidic conditions (\pKa 6.5) [4], giving biodegradable, non-toxic, biocompatible, and antimicrobial properties [5, 6]. These properties makes chitosan a promising compound for application in different areas such as biotechnology, pharmaceutics, biomedical, wastewater treatment, cosmetics, agriculture, and food science [2, 3]. The antimicrobial potential of chitosan against bacteria, viruses, and fungi is well known, and it is considered as an alternative to the use of chem
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