The role of nanohydroxyapatite on the morphological, physical, and biological properties of chitosan nanofibers
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The role of nanohydroxyapatite on the morphological, physical, and biological properties of chitosan nanofibers Tabata P. Sato 1 & Bruno V. M. Rodrigues 2,3 & Daphne C. R. Mello 4 & Eliseu A. Münchow 5 & Juliana S. Ribeiro 6 & João Paulo B. Machado 7 & Luana M. R. Vasconcellos 4 & Anderson O. Lobo 2,8 & Marco C. Bottino 6 & Alexandre L. S. Borges 1 Received: 22 June 2020 / Accepted: 7 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) particles on the morphological, chemical, physical, and biological properties of chitosan electrospun nanofibers. Materials and methods nHAp particles with a 1.67 Ca/P ratio were synthesized via the aqueous precipitation method, incorporated into chitosan polymer solution (0.5 wt%), and electrospun into nHAp-loaded fibers (ChHa fibers). Neat chitosan fibers (nHAp-free, Ch fibers) were used as the control. The electrospun fiber mats were characterized using morphological, topographical, chemical, thermal, and a range of biological (antibacterial, antibiofilm, cell viability, and alkaline phosphatase [ALP] activity) analyses. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α = 0.05). Results ChHa fibers demonstrated a bead-like morphology, with thinner (331 ± 110 nm) and smoother (Ra = 2.9 ± 0.3 μm) distribution as compared to the control fibers. Despite showing similar cell viability and ALP activity to Ch fibers, the ChHa fibers demonstrated greater antibacterial potential against most tested bacteria (except for P. intermedia), and higher antibiofilm activity against P. gingivalis biofilm. Conclusions The incorporation of nHAp particles did not jeopardize the overall morphology, topography, physical, and biological characteristics of the chitosan nanofibers. Clinical relevance The combination of nHAp particles with chitosan can be used to engineer bioactive, electrospun composite nanofibers with potential applications in regenerative dentistry. Keywords Electrospinning . Regenerative dentistry . Scaffolds . Regeneration . Antimicrobial . Chitosan
* Marco C. Bottino [email protected]
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Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, IST, UNESP, São José dos Campos, SP 12245-200, Brazil
* Alexandre L. S. Borges [email protected]
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Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
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Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Institute of Science and Technology (IST), São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av Engenheiro Francisco José Longo, 777, Jardim São Dimas, São José dos Campos, SP 12245-200, Brazil
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Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University (Room 5223), Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Laboratory of Biomedical Nanotechnology, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP 08230-030, Brazil
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Associated Laboratory of Materials and Sensor (LAS), National Institute of Space
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