Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of a Medicinal Herb Houttuynia cordata Thunb. of North-East India
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of a Medicinal Herb Houttuynia cordata Thunb. of North-East India Sushmita Gupta 1,2 & Raju Bharalee 3 Received: 22 July 2019 / Accepted: 6 November 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Intra-species genetic variability assessment is an effective tool in formulating genetic improvement and germplasm conservation strategies. Houttuynia cordata Thunb. is a semidomesticated medicinal herb consumed widely in traditional diet in North-Eastern India. In the present study, an effort has been made to assess the genetic diversity of H. cordata Thunb. from Brahmaputra valley of North-East India. A total of 545 genotypes from 18 populations of H. cordata Thunb. from four different regions, i.e. NorthEast, North-West, South-East and South-West, with respect to river Brahmaputra were collected and population genetic diversity and structure were analysed using ISSR molecular markers. Population genetic structure analysis using unweighted pair group method with averages (UPGMA)-based hierarchical cluster analysis, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and model-based clustering in STRUCTURE program revealed that the population of H. cordata Thunb. grouped according to regional distribution and forms four genetically distinct clusters. The analysis of molecular variance showed that differentiation among regions was significant with 60% genetic variation among region, 3% genetic variation among population within region and 37% genetic variation within population. We found wide variation in Nei’s gene diversity (Hj) ranging from 0.07782 in Margherita population to 0.13634 in Barapani population. Furthermore, Nei’s gene diversity within population (Nei’s Hs) and total gene diversity (Ht) were found to be 0.1081 and 0.1769 respectively. The genetic differentiation among 18 population was high (Fst = 0.3894; p < 0.001) with relatively restricted gene flow (Nm = 0.6564). Based on the result of this study, we suggest ex situ conservation could be an appropriate measure to adequately capture the total genetic diversity of H. cordata Thunb. populations of North-East India by selecting few individuals from different populations. Keywords Houttuynia cordata Thunb. . Genetic diversity . Population structure . Medicinal plants . ISSR markers
Introduction Key Message • Higher genetic diversity was observed between populations of different regions compared to same region. • Studied populations are grouped into four clusters according to their geographical regions. • Low gene flow was observed among studied populations. * Raju Bharalee [email protected] 1
Present address: Environment and Industrial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, North Eastern Regional Centre, Guwahati, Assam, India
2
Life Science Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, Assam, India
3
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, India
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