Tissue Accumulation of Microplastics and Toxic Effects: Widespread Health Risks of Microplastics Exposure
Currently, ecological risks induced by small plastic particles, fibers, and debris with size less than 5 μm (microplastics, MPs) have attracted worldwide attention. Notably, terrestrial mammals and even human beings would ingest MPs through feeding, breat
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Contents 1 Introduction 2 Effects of MPs on Cells 2.1 Accumulation of MPs in Human Cells 2.2 Toxic Effects of MPs on Different Human Cell Lines 3 Effects of MPs on Human and Other Terrestrial Mammals 3.1 Ingestion of MPs in Human and Terrestrial Animals 3.2 Toxic Effects of MPs on Human and Terrestrial Animals 4 Priorities and Challenges of Future Health Risk Research of MPs 4.1 Key Factors Affecting MPs Entry into Organisms 4.2 Key Factors Affecting MPs Toxicity 4.3 Environmentally Relevant Concentrations and Long-Term Exposure 4.4 Combined Toxicity of MPs and Other Pollutants on Terrestrial Mammals 5 Summary References
Abstract Currently, ecological risks induced by small plastic particles, fibers, and debris with size less than 5 μm (microplastics, MPs) have attracted worldwide Y. Deng State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China Z. Yan and Y. Zhang (*) State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China e-mail: [email protected] Q. Zhu State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Defu He and Yongming Luo (eds.), Microplastics in Terrestrial Environments - Emerging Contaminants and Major Challenges, Hdb Env Chem, DOI 10.1007/698_2020_454, © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Y. Deng et al.
attention. Notably, terrestrial mammals and even human beings would ingest MPs through feeding, breathing, or other routes. However, the potential health risks of MPs for human and other terrestrial mammals were still largely unknown. Herein, we introduced recent studies about the accumulation of MPs in different human cell lines and tissues of terrestrial mammals. Additionally, the related toxic effects of MPs were also summarized. Importantly, priorities and challenges of future health risk research about MPs, such as the key factors influencing the entry of MPs into organisms, toxic mechanisms, and interaction between MPs and other contaminates, have also been discussed. Keywords Health risks, Human cells, Microplastics, Terrestrial mammals, Toxicities
1 Introduction Small plastic particles, fibers, and debris with size less than 5 μm (microplastics, MPs), as a new class of environmental pollutants, have been frequently detected in various environmental metrics [1–3]. For example, MPs with different sizes, shapes, and materials have been identified in various waterbodies (surface water, seawater, wastewater, and groundwater) [4–6]. MPs also have been widely detected in soil environments [7, 8]. Basically, the concentrations of MPs in the environment are highly related to human activities [9]. Nevertheless, MPs have been detected even in sparsely populated places inc
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