Urothelial Carcinoma Methods and Protocols

This volume details standard techniques for the characterization of urothelial carcinoma as well as methods to investigate mechanisms of carcinogenesis.  Chapters guide readers on cellular and animal models for urothelial carcinoma and related diseas

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Wolfgang A. Schulz Michèle J. Hoffmann Günter Niegisch Editors

Urothelial Carcinoma Methods and Protocols

METHODS

IN

MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651

Urothelial Carcinoma Methods and Protocols

Edited by

Wolfgang A. Schulz, Michèle J. Hoffmann and G€unter Niegisch Department of Urology, Heinrich Heine University, D€usseldorf, Germany

Editors Wolfgang A. Schulz Department of Urology Heinrich Heine University D€ usseldorf, Germany

Miche`le J. Hoffmann Department of Urology Heinrich Heine University D€ usseldorf, Germany

G€ unter Niegisch Department of Urology Heinrich Heine University D€ usseldorf, Germany

ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-7233-3 ISBN 978-1-4939-7234-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-7234-0 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017948666 © Springer Science+Business Media LLC 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Humana Press imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer Science+Business Media LLC The registered company address is: 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, U.S.A.

Preface Urothelial carcinoma is the major histological subtype of bladder cancer in most regions of the world, except where endemic schistosomiasis causes another subtype, squamous cell carcinoma. Outside the field of urology, the incidence and impact of urothelial carcinoma are often underestimated, but in fact, it is the fourth most common cancer in males in many countries, albeit with a lower incidence in women. One reason for this underestimate may be that a large fraction of urothelial carcinomas are papillary tumors with a low tendency toward progression t