Use of colored pan traps method for monitoring insect (Diptera and Hymenoptera) diversity in the Southern Tropical Andes
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Use of colored pan traps method for monitoring insect (Diptera and Hymenoptera) diversity in the Southern Tropical Andes of Ecuador Pablo S. Padrón 1,2
&
C. B. Vásquez 1 & S. C. Durán 1 & K. V. Pezo 1 & N. A. Loyola 1 & A. Junghanns 1
Received: 7 January 2020 / Revised: 13 August 2020 / Accepted: 14 September 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract Insects are a dominant part of the megadiversity of the Tropical Andes but monitoring and studying them has been challenging. Here we employ colored pan trap method for collecting insects (Diptera and Hymenoptera) in the Andes of Ecuador in order to explore the use of the colored pan traps method. Sixty white, yellow, and blue colored pan traps were used twice every month for 24 months. A total of 17,661 insects were collected, of which 12,872 belong to Diptera (72.9%) and 4789 to Hymenoptera (27.1%).The sampled individuals belonged to a total of 90 families, of which 55 belonged to Diptera and 35 to Hymenoptera. There was not a significant difference between the number of families of each order collected by the differently colored traps. However, some families showed a distinct preference for a certain pan trap color. This study shows, that colored pan traps could be a useful method for collecting and monitoring insects (Diptera and Hymenoptera) in the Andes. Our results are of special importance today, as insects have been reported to dramatically declining around the world. Therefore, studies that focus on understanding insect diversity and population dynamics are key for implementing conservation measures in the future to protect this exceptionally diverse and poorly known fauna. Keywords Insects . Neotropics . Monitoring . Preferences . Tropical Andes
Introduction Insects play a fundamental ecological role in most of the ecosystems. They provide an important food source for other organisms, maintain soil fertility by recycling nutrients, help to spread seeds, control populations of other organisms and are a crucial agent for the pollination of plants (Foottit and Adler 2017), including many that are important to human´s survival (Klein et al. 2006). However, dramatic declines of insects are reported around the world (Potts et al. 2010; Vanbergen and Initiative 2013; Powney et al. 2019) and several factors such as habitat loss, pesticide use, invasive species
* Pablo S. Padrón [email protected] 1
Laboratorio de Entomología, Escuela de Biología, Ecología y Gestión, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador
2
Florida Museum of Natural History, The McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
of animals and plants and climate change, have been identified as the main drivers of this phenomenon (Robinet and Roques 2010; Guo et al. 2011; Vanbergen and Initiative 2013; Bradford and Garcia 2018; Basset and Lamarre 2019). Despite the increasing decline of insect populations/diversity reported in recent years around the world (Biesmeijer et al. 2006; Fitzpatrick et
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