Utilizing a nanocomposite consisting of zinc ferrite, copper oxide, and gold nanoparticles in the fabrication of a metfo
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Utilizing a nanocomposite consisting of zinc ferrite, copper oxide, and gold nanoparticles in the fabrication of a metformin electrochemical sensor supported on a glassy carbon electrode Mohammad Hossein Ghanbari 1 & Parastoo Sharafi 2 & Sepideh Nayebossadr 2 & Zahra Norouzi 3 Received: 2 April 2020 / Accepted: 21 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The conception and development of a new electrochemical sensor is reported for the detection of metformin (MET). Zinc ferrite and copper oxide nanostructure (ZnFe2O4-CuO) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been used to prepare a nanocomposite in modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The unique ZnFe2O4-CuO/Au nanocomposite was applied as a sensor for the determination of traces of MET by some electroanalytical techniques. Experimental parameters affecting the results were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions and at a working potential of 0.85 V (vs. Ag/AgCl/3.0 M KCl), the sensor response is linear in the MET range of 1.0 nmol L−1 to 1.0 μmol L−1 MET. The limit of detection (LOD) is 0.3 nmol L−1 (at an S/N ratio of 3) and the sensitivity is 1.13 μA μmol L−1 cm−2. The sensor was applied to the determination of MET in real samples where it gave acceptable results. Keywords Metformin . Glassy carbon electrode . Electrochemical sensor . Zinc ferrite . Copper oxide . Gold nanoparticle
Introduction Diabetes and its abnormalities are serious ill-health within modern society. It is characterized by the disruption of insulin production, leading to high blood glucose concentration and other complications like neuropathy, renal dysfunction, and cardiopathy [1]. The two categories of diabetes mellitus (DM) are type I (insulin-dependent) and type II (non-insulindependent). Type II diabetes could also be a progressive and sophisticated disease that is difficult to manage effectively within the future. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-020-04529-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Mohammad Hossein Ghanbari [email protected] 1
Faculty of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran 15719-14911, Iran
2
Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran 19395-3697, Iran
3
Faculty of Chemistry, University of Kashan, Kashan 87317-51167, Iran
MET (1,1-dimethylbiguanide) features a biguanide structure and it is documented as an insulin-sensitizing agent with potent antihyperglycemic virtues. MET is the first-line drug of option to treat non-insulin-dependent mellitus and is widely used for patients who lack functioning islet cells [2]. Additionally, some studies suggest the role of this drug in resisting the carcinogenesis and reducing the danger of cancer [3]. Various methods have been developed for the determination of MET, including high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [4], gas chromatography [5], capillary electrophoresis [6], conductometry [7], solid-phase extraction [8],
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