Vagotomy diminishes obesity in cafeteria rats by decreasing cholinergic potentiation of insulin release
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Vagotomy diminishes obesity in cafeteria rats by decreasing cholinergic potentiation of insulin release Sandra Lucinei Balbo & Rosane Aparecida Ribeiro & Mariana Carla Mendes & Camila Lubaczeuski & Ana Claudia Paiva Alegre Maller & Everardo Magalhães Carneiro & Maria Lúcia Bonfleur
Received: 26 February 2016 / Accepted: 21 June 2016 # University of Navarra 2016
Abstract H e r e i n , w e i n v e s t i g a t e d w h e t h e r subdiaphragmatic vagotomy has benefits on obesity, body glucose homeostasis, and insulin secretion in cafeteria (CAF)-obese rats. Wistar rats were fed a standard or CAF diet for 12 weeks. Subsequently, CAF rats were randomly submitted to truncal vagotomy (CAF Vag) or sham operation (CAF Sham). CAF Sham rats were hyperphagic, obese, and presented metabolic disturbances, including hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Twelve weeks after vagotomy, CAF Vag rats presented reductions in body weight and perigonadal fat stores. Vagotomy did not modify glucose tolerance but normalized fed glycemia, insulinemia, and insulin sensitivity. Isolated islets from CAF Sham rats secreted more insulin in response to the cholinergic agent, carbachol, and when intracellular cyclic adenine monophosphate (cAMP) is enhanced by forskolin or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine. Vagotomy S. L. Balbo : M. C. Mendes : C. Lubaczeuski : A. C. P. A. Maller : M. L. Bonfleur (*) Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, UNIOESTE, Cascavel, PR 858119-110, Brazil e-mail: [email protected] R. A. Ribeiro UFRJ, Macaé, RJ, Brazil E. M. Carneiro Laboratório de Pâncreas Endócrino e Metabolismo, Departamento de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
decreased glucose-induced insulin release due to a reduction in the cholinergic action on β-cells. This effect also normalized islet secretion in response to cAMP. Therefore, vagotomy in rats fed on a CAF-style diet effectively decreases adiposity and restores insulin sensitivity. These effects were mainly associated with the lack of cholinergic action on the endocrine pancreas, which decreases insulinemia and may gradually reduce fat storage and improve insulin sensitivity. Keywords Truncal vagotomy . Cafeteria diet . Glucose homeostasis . Insulin secretion . Obesity
Introduction Obesity is rapidly expanding worldwide and predisposes to several diseases, including hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and type 2 diabetes (T2D) [16]. Although several factors may contribute to the development of the obesity [32], evidence suggests that an autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction contributes to increased adiposity and maintain this syndrome [8, 9, 31]. The ANS regulates several aspects of energy homeostasis through both parasympathetic and sympathetic branches [21]. The parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) transmits peripheral signals to the central nervous system (CNS), regulating food intake, through the af
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