Vulnerability studies in the fields of transportation and complex networks: a citation network analysis
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Vulnerability studies in the fields of transportation and complex networks: a citation network analysis Kashin Sugishita1,2 · Yasuo Asakura2 Accepted: 6 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract In recent years, studies on network vulnerability have grown rapidly in the fields of transportation and complex networks. Even though these two fields are closely related, their overall structure is still unclear. In this study, to add clarity compre‑ hensively and objectively, we analyze a citation network consisting of vulnerability studies in these two fields. We collect publication records from an online publica‑ tion database, the Web of Science, and construct a citation network where nodes and edges represent publications and citation relations, respectively. We analyze the giant weakly connected component consisting of 705 nodes and 4,584 edges. First, we uncover main research domains by detecting communities in the network. Sec‑ ond, we identify major research development over time in the detected communities by applying main path analysis. Third, we quantitatively reveal asymmetric citation patterns between the two fields, which implies that mutual understanding between them is still lacking. Since these two fields deal with the vulnerability of network systems in common, more active interdisciplinary studies should have a great poten‑ tial to advance both fields in the future. Keywords Network vulnerability · Transportation · Complex networks · Citation network analysis
1 Introduction Our society is surrounded by a great variety of network systems such as power grids, communication systems, water supply systems, gas pipelines, or transporta‑ tion systems. The quality of our lives relies on the service level of these critical
* Kashin Sugishita [email protected] 1
University at Buffalo, Mathematics Building, Room 313, Buffalo, NY 14260‑2900, USA
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Tokyo Institute of Technology, Midorigaoka Building #1, Room 206A, M1‑20, 2‑12‑1, O‑okayama, Meguro‑ku, Tokyo 152‑8552, Japan
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infrastructures. As Rinaldi et al. (2001) describe, critical infrastructures are mutu‑ ally dependent, if they have implemented an even higher level of their services. However, recent natural and man-made disasters such as floods, hurricanes, tor‑ nadoes, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, or terrorist attacks have revealed an inherent weakness of these interdependent systems. According to Helbing (2013), as the complexity and interaction strength increase, these systems can become unstable, creating uncontrollable situations. In other words, failures can spread out in multiple systems because of the dependency among different systems. A transportation system is one of the critical infrastructures. In the transporta‑ tion field, in the 1990s and the beginning of the 2000s, researchers mainly focused on transport network reliability (e.g., Bell and Iida 1997; Asakura 1999; Bell 2000; Chen et al. 2002; Nicholson et al. 2003). Typically, studies on the transport network relia
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