Wetland Conditions Differentially Influence Nitrogen Processing within Waterfowl Impoundments
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GENERAL WETLAND SCIENCE
Wetland Conditions Differentially Influence Nitrogen Processing within Waterfowl Impoundments Brian R. Hinckley 1,2 & J. Randall Etheridge 3 & Ariane L. Peralta 1 Received: 19 June 2019 / Accepted: 11 November 2019 # Society of Wetland Scientists 2019
Abstract Manipulating hydrologic conditions at the land-water interface is critical for managing wetland functions. Hydrologic manipulation to increase retention time of water is used to promote wetland conditions, enhance nitrogen (N) processing for reduced N export, and attract migratory bird populations. Human managed wetlands such as waterfowl impoundments are intended to attract waterfowl for tourism. The limited literature has shown that waterfowl impoundments export N during seasonally prescribed drawdowns; however, it is unknown how impoundment-specific characteristics and different types of impoundments influence N cycling transformations. We compared seasonal N cycling between and within moist-soil managed (MSM) and agricultural (Ag) waterfowl impoundment soils. Potential nitrification, denitrification, and N mineralization rates and soil physicochemical properties were analyzed. Potential nitrification and denitrification rates were higher in the Ag compared to MSM impoundment even when the MSM site is actively managed to promote wetland conditions year-round. Despite the higher soil organic carbon and soil moisture content at MSM compared to Ag site, the high extractable soil ammonium, low nitrate, and low nitrification rates at MSM are evidence of substrate limitation for denitrification but not nitrification. These results indicate that decoupling of nitrification and denitrification could explain the reduced N removal capacity in these managed wetlands. Keywords Denitrification . Hydrologic management . Mineralization . Nitrification
Abbreviations Ag agricultural DM dry mass C:N ratio carbon to nitrogen ratio MSM moist-soil managed N nitrogen NH4+ ammonium − NO3 nitrate Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-019-01246-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ariane L. Peralta [email protected] 1
S301B Howell Science Complex, Department of Biology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
2
Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
3
RW-214 Rivers, Department of Engineering, Center for Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
ON SAV
organic nitrogen submerged aquatic vegetation
Introduction Hydrology is a strong ecological filter that determines microbial community composition and function in aquatic and terrestrial environments (Foulquier et al. 2013; Peralta et al. 2013; Danczak et al. 2016; Menning et al. 2018). Hydrologic changes, both natural and anthropogenic, create gradients in soil redox potential that strongly influence microbial metabolism (Sporer et al. 2017). As such, varying hydrologic regimes of
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