A comprehensive overview of proteomics approach for COVID 19: new perspectives in target therapy strategies
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REVIEW
A comprehensive overview of proteomics approach for COVID 19: new perspectives in target therapy strategies Rashmi Rana1 · Vaishnavi Rathi1 · Nirmal Kumar Ganguly1 Received: 10 August 2020 / Revised: 9 October 2020 / Accepted: 17 October 2020 © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020
Abstract World Health Organisation declared COVID-19 a pandemic on March 11, 2020. It was temporarily named as 2019-nCoV then subsequently named as COVID-19 virus. A coronavirus is a group of viruses, known to be zoonotic, causing illness ranging from acute to mild respiratory infections. These are spherical or pleomorphic enveloped particles containing positive sense RNA. The virus enters host cells, its uncoated genetic material transcribes, and translates. Since it has started spreading rapidly, protective measures have been taken all over the world. However, its transmission has been proved to be unstoppable and the absence of an effective drug makes the situation worse. The scientific community has gone all-out to discover and develop a possible vaccine or a competent antiviral drug. Other domains of biological sciences that promise effective results and target somewhat stable entities that are proteins, could be very useful in this time of crisis. Proteomics and metabolomics are the vast fields that are equipped with sufficient technologies to face this challenge. Various protein separation and identification techniques are available which facilitates the analysis of various types of interactions among proteins and their evolutionary lineages. The presented review aims at confronting the question: ‘how proteomics can help in tackling SARS-CoV-2?’ It deals with the role of upcoming proteome technology in these pandemic situations and discusses the proteomics approach towards the COVID-19 dilemma. Keyword Proteomics · Metabolomics · COVID-19 · SARS-CoV-2 · Severe acute respiratory syndrome · Nasooropharyngeal swab · Blood · Plasma · Sputum · Feces · Biomarkers · Targeted therapy
Introduction Revolving from simple pneumonia to a pandemic, COVID19 has come a long way in contributing towards the mortality rate globally. The disease is caused by a novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2). Apart from this, the other two viruses of the coronavirus family i.e., MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) and SARS-CoV (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) have also been the cause of mass destruction since the beginning of the 21st century (Walls et al. 2020). Coronaviruses (CoVs) are the largest group of viruses belonging to the order Nidovirales, which includes Coronaviridae, Arteriviridae, and Roniviridae families. Coronaviridae or CoVs includes a clan of * Rashmi Rana [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi 110060, India
positive-sense, single-stranded, non-segmented, enveloped RNA viruses of vertebrates. These viruses contain the largest genomes of 25–31 kb and are infectious when introduced into
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