A Highly Attenuated Mumps Virus Strain of Genotype F Generated by Passaging in Vero Cells
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LETTER
A Highly Attenuated Mumps Virus Strain of Genotype F Generated by Passaging in Vero Cells Yajing Zhang1 • Lixia Xie1 • Benjie Chai2 • Juncheng Ruan1 • Yulin Gu1 • Biao Niu1 • Yachun Zhang1 Zhenfang Fu2 • Qi An1 • Dayong Tian1,2
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Received: 24 February 2020 / Accepted: 28 June 2020 Ó Wuhan Institute of Virology, CAS 2020
Dear Editor Mumps, caused by mumps virus (MuV), is still a serious threat to the health of children and teenagers. In most mumps cases, the clinical symptoms were parotitis, myalgia, malaise, fever and headache. As a neurotropic virus, MuV infection also causes cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in one-third of patients and meningitis in 10% of patients. For very few cases, orchitis and oophoritis also can occur (Carbone and Wolinsky 2001). MuV, a member of genus Rubulavirus within the family Paramyxoviridae, contains a single-stranded negative sense RNA which composed of 15384 nucleotides (Rubin et al. 1998). The genome of MuV encodes six structural proteins (nucleoprotein, phosphoprotein, matrix protein, fusion protein, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein, large protein) and three non-structural proteins (V protein, I protein and SH protein). Although MuV has only one serum type, it could be divided into 12 genotypes (A–N, excluding E and M) (WHO 2012) according to the sequence of SH gene which are distinct from each other (Turner et al. 1991). Yajing Zhang and Lixia Xie contributed equally to the study.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12250-020-00292-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. & Dayong Tian [email protected] & Qi An [email protected] & Zhenfang Fu [email protected] 1
R&D Department, Shanghai King-cell biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201506, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Currently, the mumps vaccine strains used in most of countries in the world all belong to genotype A, which is no longer an epidemic genotype. Genotype F is the predominant MuV genotype in China’s mainland. Reportedly, 97.33% of 451 strains of MuV isolated in China from 2001 to 2017 were conformed as genotype F (Cui et al. 2014; Cui et al. 2017; Cui et al. 2018). Although the Measlesmumps-and-rubella vaccine (MMR) has been introduced in the Expanded Programme on Immunization in 2008, there have been local outbreaks of disease in vaccinated populations every year in China (Zengel et al. 2017). More and more studies are confirming that it is necessary to develop novel genotype mumps vaccine. (Dayan and Rubin 2008; Carr et al. 2010; Park 2015). In this study, 29 strains of MuV have been isolated from laryngeal swab samples collected from sick children in 2016 in six provinces of China (Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Shanxi, Guangdong and Beijing) (Supplementary Table S1), and all the SH genes were sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis showed that a
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