A Novel Multi-purpose MIP for SPE-HPLC and QCM Detection of Carbaryl Residues in Foods
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A Novel Multi-purpose MIP for SPE-HPLC and QCM Detection of Carbaryl Residues in Foods Chang Liu 1 & Yichuan Cao 1 & Tian Zhao 1 & Xiaohui Wang 1 & Guozhen Fang 1
&
Shuo Wang 1,2
Received: 14 May 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this work, two detection methods of solid-phase extraction–high-performance liquid chromatography (SPE-HPLC) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) were established, based on a surface molecularly imprinted polymer material (MIP). The material can be used as a selective solid-phase extraction filler and as a coating for sensitive quartz crystal microbalances by virtue of the polyhydroxy structure of grafted silicon spheres together with the network structure from cross-linked polymerization. The adsorption properties of the prepared MIP were analysed by dynamic and static adsorption tests, and the experimental conditions for SPE-HPLC and QCM analysis were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, the linear range of MIP-SPE-HPLC for the detection of carbaryl was 0.5–60 μg L−1 (R2 = 0.99913), and the detection limit was 0.0573 μg L−1. The proposed QCM sensor displayed a linear relationship between the frequency shift and the concentration of carbaryl ranging from 5 to 80 μg L−1 with a low detection limit of 0.6845 μg L−1 (signal-to-noise ratio, S/N = 3). Through a series of experiments, it was shown that the prepared MIP has good adsorption and selectivity for carbaryl, and the MIP-based HPLC and QCM sensor can be applied to the detection of actual food samples. Keywords Carbaryl . Molecularly imprinted polymer . Quartz crystal microbalance sensor . Solid-phase extraction . High-performance liquid chromatography
Introduction Carbaryl, a carbamate pesticide that was discovered in 1956 by the USA, has been widely used as an insecticide in agriculture due to its low persistence, broad-spectrum activity, high insecticidal activity, and stability at room temperature and sunlight. However, widespread and improper use of this pesticide is detrimental to the environment and poses health risks. Residual carbaryl can enter into the human body through the respiratory tract, skin and mucous membranes, or digestive tract due to the bio-accumulation, and can act as an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor that may damage the nervous systems, muscles, liver, pancreas, and brain (Karami-
* Guozhen Fang [email protected] * Shuo Wang [email protected] 1
State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
2
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
Mohajeri and Abdollahi 2011). Therefore, the pesticide residues are serious life-threatening contaminants that have raised serious public concerns regarding food safety and human health, as well as the rapid determination and reliable quantification of carbaryl. Various countries have certain requirements for the carbaryl residue limits in food
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