America Unbound World War II and the Making of a Superpower

Whether World War II made or merely marked the transition of the United States from a major world power to a superpower, the fact remains that America's role in the world around it had undergone a dramatic change. Other nations had long recognized the pot

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The Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute Series on Diplomatic and Economic History General Editors: Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., William J. vanden Heuvel and Douglas Brinkley

1.

FOR AND HIS CONTEMPORARIES: Foreign Perceptions of an American President Edited by Comelis A. van Minnen and John F. Sears

2.

NATO: THE CREATION OF THE ATlANTIC ALLIANCE AND THE INTEGRATION OF EUROPE Edited by Francis H. Heller and John R. Gillingham

3.

AMERICA UNBOUND: World War II and the Making of a Superpower Edited by Warren F. Kimball

AMERICA UNBOUND WORLD WAR II AND THE MAKING OF A SUPERPOWER

Edited by Warren F. Kimball Rutgers University

Palgrave Macmillan

© Warren F. Kimball 1992 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1992 978-0-312-07957-4 All rights reserved. For information, write: Scholarly and Reference Division, St. Martin's Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010 First published in the United States of America in 1992 ISBN 978-1-349-60629-0

ISBN 978-1-137-06963-4 (eBook)

DOI 10.1007/978-1-137-06963-4

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

America Unbound: World War II and the making of a superpower / ed. Warren F. Kimball. p.cm. Revised papers from a conference held at Rutgers University. Includes index. 1. United States-Foreign relations-1945-1989-Congresses. 2. World War, 1939-1945-Influence-Congresses. I. Kimball, WarrenF. E744.A487 1992 92-5485 940.53 '227~c20 CIP

To Kelly, Jake, and later arrivals

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix 1. Introduction . . ..

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..

1

Warren F. Kimball 2. Power and Superpower: The Impact of Two World Wars

on America's International Role . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 David Reynolds 3. U.S. Globalism: The End of the Concert of Europe

. . . . 37

Donald Cameron Watt 4. American Empire, American Raj

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Walter LaFeber 5. The Legacy of World War II for American Conventional

Military Strategy: Should We Escape It? . . . . . . . . . . 73 Russell F. Weigley 6. America and Wartime Changes in Intelligence . . . . . . . 95

Bradley F. Smith 7. Soviet Espionage and the Office of Strategic Services .. 107

Hayden B. Peake

8. U.S. Economic Strategy in World War II:

Wartime Goals, Peacetime Plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 Warren F. Kimball 9. Genocide Treaty Ratification:

Ending an American Embarrassment . . . . . . . . . . . 159 William Korey Notes on the Contributors

181

Index . . . . . . . . . . .

183

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

These essays were selected to focus on the ways in which World War II contributed to the development of the United States as a superpower in the postwar era. All but one are revised versions of papers given at the conference "World War II and the Shaping of Modern America," held on the Newark campus of Rutgers University. That conference was made possible through the generous support of the New Jersey Committee for the Humanities, the New Jersey Department of Higher Education, the New Jersey Historical Commission, an