An accelerated solvent extraction and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector method to rapidly determining and ass
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ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF ECOSYSTEMS
An accelerated solvent extraction and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector method to rapidly determining and assessing total petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in soil from Fushan oilfield, China Tengya Li 1,2 & Xiaocong Cao 1,2 & Shuhai He 1,2 & Mingshan Zhang 1,2 & Wenshuai Xu 1,2 & Zengheng Xiong 3 & Yan Liang 1,2 & Chenye Wang 1,2 & Biaojuan Chen 1,2 Received: 29 January 2020 / Accepted: 21 May 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A high-efficient method for determining the total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was established by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection, coupled with an efficient 10 m short chromatographic column; the analyzing period was narrowed to 5 mins. The limits of detection of the method included 1.47, 4.02, and 0.69 mg/kg, and the corresponding limits of quantification reached 4.45, 12.2, and 2.10 mg/kg for the three fractions C10–C16, C17–C34, and C35–C40, respectively. The method was employed to real samples to achieve the routine environmental monitoring of TPH in polluted sites from Fushan oilfield, China. As revealed from the analysis of 30 soil samples in the study area, a wide range of TPH concentrations were achieved: 61.6–7300 mg/kg (average, 1055 mg/kg) for ΣC10–C16, 438–14,280 mg/kg (average, 4544 mg/kg) for ΣC17–C34, 25.4–638 mg/kg (average, 250 mg/kg) for ΣC35–C40, and 617–15,348 (average, 5848 mg/kg) for ΣC10–C40, respectively. According to the Nemerow integrated pollution index, the Fushan oilfield has been slightly polluted by TPH. As suggested from the distribution of TPH concentrations, the main sources of TPH in soil samples of Fushan oilfield included oil spills during temporary storage, transportation, and oil exploitation. Adopting the developed method to delve into oilfield soil samples further verifies the effectiveness of the method, indicating that the method can well meet the growing demand of regulatory guidelines for related risk assessment and environmental monitoring and remediation strategy formulation. Keywords Accelerated solvent extraction . Gas chromatography . Total petroleum hydrocarbons . Environmental risk assessment . Oilfield. soil
Introduction Petroleum hydrocarbons act as a major origin of pollution in the environment worldwide. These matters are usually issued Responsible Editor: Ester Heath * Xiaocong Cao [email protected] 1
Hainan Ecological Environmental Monitoring Center, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou 571126, China
2
Hainan Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 98 Baiju Avenue, Haikou 571126, China
3
Haikou Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, 279 Gaodeng West Street, Haikou 570102, China
to nature in the form of urban runoff, automotive waste, rainwater, industrial wastewater, or domestic waste (Adeniji et al. 2017; Nespeca et al. 2019; Hatje et al. 2003; Okparanma and Mouazen 2013). Petroleum hydrocarbons released in nature endangers our health and ecosystems, especially to land and water resources (Faustorilla
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