An in vitro assessment of the influences of different wire materials and bracket systems when correcting dental crowding
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CLINICAL APPLICATIONS OF BIOMATERIALS Original Research
An in vitro assessment of the influences of different wire materials and bracket systems when correcting dental crowding Ana Carla Raphaelli Nahás-Scocate1 Marcos Bitencourt Neves1 Lucas Torres de Souza1 Alline de Cerqueira Kasaz2 Eduardo Listik3 Hélio Doyle Pereira da Silva1,2 Paolo Maria Cattaneo4 Marcos Coral Scocate5 Dimorvan Bordin 2 Murilo Matias1 ●
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Received: 16 March 2020 / Accepted: 24 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract A recently developed orthodontic wire alloy known as GUMMETAL® is claimed to deliver more physiological forces to correct dental mispositioning. However, its mechanical characteristics have not been fully characterized yet. This study aimed to determine and compare the elastic properties of different wire alloys, such as nickel–titanium (NiTi), stainless steel (SS), and GUMMETAL®, and assess their unloading forces when combined with either conventional or self-ligating brackets (CL and SL) when correcting dental crowding. All wires had a 0.016″ cross-section diameter. A three-point bending test was performed to assess the maximum deflection of each wire. Then, a subsequent analysis measured the unloading force for each wire/bracket system in a dental crowding clinical simulation device. The test was carried out in a universal testing machine with a cross-speed displacement of 0.5 mm/min. Data were recorded in different ranges and statistically evaluated using two-way analysis of variance. GUMMETAL® displayed higher unloading mean forces in SL brackets (2228.78 cN) than CL brackets (1967.38 cN) for the 1.6–3.0 deflection interval (p = 0.018). Within this interval, NiTi showed higher forces when used with CL brackets (2683.06 cN) than with SL brackets (1179.66 cN) (p < 0.0001). For the CL bracket systems, SS wires showed higher forces (2125.31 cN) in the 1.0–1.6 deflection interval than the other two wire alloys (NiTi, 1541.52 cN and GUMMETAL®, 852.65 cN) (p < 0.0001). SS wires also displayed lower forces with SL brackets (1844.01 cN) than in CL brackets (2125.31 cN) (p = 0.049). Thus, only GUMMETAL® revealed to be an optimal choice for SL brackets, whereas NiTi for CL brackets. Graphical Abstract
* Dimorvan Bordin [email protected] 1
Department of Orthodontics, Univeritas UNG, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229, Guarulhos, SP 07023-070, Brazil
2
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Univeritas UNG, Praça Tereza Cristina, 229, Guarulhos, SP 07023-070, Brazil
3
Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
4
Department of Dentistry and Oral Health, Aarhus University, Vennelyst Boulevard, 9 building 1610, 486, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
5
CoraldentⒶ, Rua Ibitirama, 987/989, São Paulo, SP 03133-100, Brazil
108 Page 2 of 7
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine (2020)31:108
1 Introduction The orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) concept regards t
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