Analysis of proteomic changes in colored mutants of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous ( Phaffia rhodozyma )
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Original Paper
Analysis of proteomic changes in colored mutants of Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma) Alejandra Barbachano‑Torres · Lina M. Castelblanco‑Matiz · Ana C. Ramos‑Valdivia · Carlos M. Cerda‑García‑Rojas · Luis M. Salgado · César M. Flores‑Ortiz · Teresa Ponce‑Noyola
Received: 27 November 2013 / Revised: 18 February 2014 / Accepted: 15 March 2014 / Published online: 28 March 2014 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
Abstract The yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous synthesizes astaxanthin as its most prevalent xanthophyll derivative. Comparisons between the protein profiles of mutant lines of this yeast can provide insight into the carotenogenic pathway. Differently colored mutants (red, orange, pink, yellow, and white) were obtained from this yeast species, and their protein profiles were determined using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2DE). Individual proteins differentially expressed were identified using mass spectrometry. The red mutants hyperproduced total carotenoids (mainly astaxanthin), while in white and orange mutants, mutagenesis affected the phytoene dehydrogenase activity as indicated by the accumulation of phytoene. Inactivation of astaxanthin synthase after the mutagenic treatment was evident in Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00203-014-0979-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. A. Barbachano‑Torres · L. M. Castelblanco‑Matiz · A. C. Ramos‑Valdivia · T. Ponce‑Noyola (*) Department of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, CINVESTAVIPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional # 2508, Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico e-mail: [email protected] C. M. Cerda‑García‑Rojas Department of Chemistry, CINVESTAV-IPN, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico L. M. Salgado CICATA‑Qro, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, 76090 Mexico City, Mexico C. M. Flores‑Ortiz FES-Iztacala UNAM, 54090 Mexico City, Mexico
β-carotene accumulating mutants. Differences in the proteomic profiles of wild-type X. dendrorhous and its colored mutants were demonstrated using 2DE. Of the total number of spots detected in each gel (297–417), 128 proteins were present in all strains. The red mutant showed the greatest number of matches with respect to the wild type (305 spots), while the white and yellow mutants, which had reduced concentrations of total carotenoids, presented the highest correlation coefficient (0.6) between each other. A number of differentially expressed proteins were sequenced, indicating that tricarboxylic acid cycle and stress response proteins are closely related to the carotenogenic process. Keywords Carotenoid biosynthesis · Proteomic profile · Secondary metabolism · Stress response · Tricarboxylic acid cycle
Introduction Carotenoids are natural pigments synthesized by plants and microorganisms (Sandmann et al. 1999). Astaxanthin is an orange–red carotenoid that possesses more powerful free radical quenching activity than the carotenoids
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