Proteomic analysis of conidia germination in Colletotrichum acutatum
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Proteomic analysis of conidia germination in Colletotrichum acutatum Mohamed Rabie El-Akhal • Thomas Colby • Jesu´s M. Cantoral • Anne Harzen • Ju¨rgen Schmidt Francisco Javier Ferna´ndez-Acero
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Received: 4 November 2012 / Revised: 28 December 2012 / Accepted: 14 January 2013 / Published online: 1 February 2013 Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013
Abstract Colletotrichum acutatum is an important phytopathogenic fungus causing anthracnose in commercially important fruit crops, such as strawberry. The conidia produced by the fungus are survival structures which play a key role in host infection and fungal propagation. Despite its relevance to the fungal life cycle, conidial biology has not been extensively investigated. Here, we provide the first proteomic description of the conidial germination in C. acutatum by comparing the proteomic profiles of ungerminated and germinated conidia. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis combined with MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry, we have identified 365 proteins in 354 spots, which represent 245 unique proteins, including some proteins with key functions in pathogenesis. All these proteins have been classified according to their molecular function and their involvement in biological processes, including cellular energy production, oxidative metabolism, stress, fatty acid synthesis, protein synthesis, and folding. This report constitutes the first comprehensive study of protein expression during the early stage of the
Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00203-013-0871-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. M. R. El-Akhal J. M. Cantoral F. J. Ferna´ndez-Acero (&) Microbiology Laboratory, Wine and Grapewine Research Institute, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Ca´diz, Pol. Rı´o San Pedro s/n, Puerto Real, 11510 Ca´diz, Spain e-mail: [email protected] T. Colby A. Harzen J. Schmidt Mass Spectrometry Group, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linne´-Weg, Cologne, Germany
C. acutatum conidial germination. It advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in the conidial germination process, and provides a useful basis for the further characterization of proteins involved in fungal biology and fungus life cycles. Keywords Colletotrichum acutatum Conidia germination MALDI-TOF/TOF MS Proteomic analysis Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis
Introduction Phytopathogenic fungi belonging to the genus Colletotrichum are able to invade plant tissues of a large number of commercially important fruits and tree crops worldwide, causing a disease called anthracnose. In strawberry production, the common symptoms of the disease are flower and fruit rot, and plant decay (Howard et al. 1992); damage is also caused by lesions on stolens, petioles, and leaves, particularly in plant nurseries (Freeman and Katan 1997). Several species of Colletotrichum have been described
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