Antibacterial Activity of Polyprenols and Other Lipids from Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves
Polyprenols are new effective lipids separated from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves. In this paper, the light and heavy distillates were prepared from ginkgo lipids by extraction with petroleum ether, saponification, and molecular distillation. And then the seven
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Antibacterial Activity of Polyprenols and Other Lipids from Ginkgo biloba L. Leaves Ran Tao, Chengzhang Wang and Zhenwu Kong
Abstract Polyprenols are new effective lipids separated from Ginkgo biloba L. leaves. In this paper, the light and heavy distillates were prepared from ginkgo lipids by extraction with petroleum ether, saponification, and molecular distillation. And then the seven known compounds: b-sitosterol acetate (1), palmitamide (2), glyceryl tripalmitate (3), b-sitosterol-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (4), b-sitosterol (5), stigmasterol (6), ergosterol (7), and polyprenols were isolated by chromatograph from lipids of Ginkgo biloba L. leaves. In the meantime, the antibacterial activity of light and heavy distillates, seven compounds and polyprenols was assessed against three pathogenic strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus subtilis) employing disc-diffusion and broth-dilution assays. The heavy distillates showed the highest activity (zone of inhibition of 14–17 mm) followed by the light distillates (13–15 mm), polyprenols (12–14 mm), b-sitosterol (5) (10–14 mm), palmitamide (2) (11–13 mm), b-sitosterol-3-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (4) (10–13 mm), b-sitosterol acetate (1) (10–12 mm), stigmasterol (6), and ergosterol (7) (9–10 mm), glyceryl tripalmitate (3) (10 mm) at 500 lg/mL. MIC and MBC values for the bacteria sensitive to polyprenols were in the range of 31.3–62.5 lg/mL and 125 lg/mL. It can be inferred polyprenols which have synergistic inhibitory effect with other lipids. Keywords Ginkgo biloba
Lipids Polyprenols Antibacterial activity
R. Tao C. Wang (&) Z. Kong Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing 210042, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected]
T.-C. Zhang et al. (eds.), Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Applied Biotechnology (ICAB 2012), Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering 251, DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37925-3_169, Ó Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014
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169.1 Introduction Ginkgo biloba L. an endemic gymnospermous plant in china, is considered as a living fossil due to its survival over 180 millions of years. Ginkgo biloba L. leaves (GBL), as traditional chinese medicine, are commonly used in clinical. It was reported in the best-known chinese herbal, Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing (2800 BC) [1, 2]. GBL contain many kinds of bioactive components such as flavonoids, biflavones, proanthocyanidins, alkylphenols, carboxylic acids, polyprenols, and so on [2]. Ageta’s study showed that ginkgo lipids mainly consisted of 10 % of fatty acids, 15 % of esters, 75 % of wax esters, aldehydes and long-chain alkanols [3]. Polyprenols, a kind of lipid from GBL, mainly existed in the form of acetates and were difficult to be separated from other lipid components. It was reported that non-saponifiable lipids of GBL contained terpenoids, polyprenols, sterols, chainlike alcohol (ketone, ester), and so on [4]. In the early 1970, Kircher [5] reported that the non-saponifiable fraction of GBL lipids was cryst
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