Antibacterial Studies of ZnO and Cu-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Stachytarpheta jam
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Antibacterial Studies of ZnO and Cu-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Mohammad Mansoob Khan 1 Norhayati Ahmad 3
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& Mohammad Hilni Harunsani & Ai Ling Tan & Mirabbos Hojamberdiev & Yap Ai Poi &
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO) and Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles (1% and 5%; Cu-doped ZnO NPs) were synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of Stachytarpheta jamaicensis. Crystalline ZnO and Cu-doped ZnO NPs with hexagonal wurtzite structure were obtained without any impurities as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction. The optical properties, morphology, elemental composition, and surface analysis of all the samples were studied using UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Antibacterial activities of the ZnO and Cu-doped ZnO were performed by screening test at the highest concentration (500 mg/mL) against two gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and two gram-negative bacterial strains (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli). Antibacterial activities were observed only against gram-positive bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from < 25 to 50 mg/mL. Keywords Zincoxide (ZnO) . Cu-doped ZnO . Green synthesis . Aqueous leaf extract . Stachytarphetajamaicensis . Antibacterial activities
1 Introduction Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are a member of the group II-VI semiconductor with a wide and direct band gap (~ 3.2 eV) at room temperature that mainly crystallizes in the wurtzite structure with broad applications [1, 2]. ZnO NPs can be synthesized through several ways such as chemical method—sol-gel synthesis and solvothermal synthesis; physical method—evaporation-condensation and pulse laser ablation as well as biological methods that involve the use of plant or microorganisms [3, 4]. Microbial synthesis of the ZnO NPs * Mohammad Mansoob Khan [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
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Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17, Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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Environmental and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, BE 1410, Brunei Darussalam
using microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and yeast involves multiple purification steps and further additional steps to maintain the cell cultures and intracellular synthesis. Hence, green synthesized ZnO NPs using plant extract seem more stable and faster than other biosynthesized NPs which involved microorganisms [5]. Unlike green synthesis, chemical methods may involve the use of certain toxic reducing agents or/and solvents that may have harmful effects to human beings such as causing irritation to the skin, eyes, and ear, as well as
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