Investigation of the antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Abelmoschus esculentus extract a
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Investigation of the antibacterial properties of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Abelmoschus esculentus extract and their ceramic applications F. Elmusa1 · A. Aygun1 · F. Gulbagca1 · A. Seyrankaya2 · F. Göl3 · C. Yenikaya4 · F. Sen1 Received: 18 February 2020 / Revised: 1 July 2020 / Accepted: 30 July 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were successfully synthesized by using the green chemistry method, which is simple, environment friendly, and economical by using plant extract obtained from Abelmoschus esculentus. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The synthesized Ag NPs showed absorbance peaks at 432 nm in the UV–Vis spectroscopy. The mean particle size of Ag NPs was found to be 8.96 nm. The antimicrobial activity of Ag NPs was examined on Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Besides, the antibacterial activity of Ag NPs was compared with commercially available antibiotics (Penicillin–streptomycin and Ampicillin–sulbactam). Ag NPs exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In addition, Ag NPs were used in ceramic glaze, and thus, an antibacterial ceramic glaze was developed. Keywords Abelmoschus esculentus · Antimicrobial · Ceramic glaze · Green chemistry · Silver nanoparticles
Introduction Nanotechnology gained importance in scientific researches with the development of technology and led to the advancement of new materials in the nanoscale (Manoharan 2008).
Editorial responsibility: Samareh Mirkia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-020-02883-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * F. Sen [email protected] 1
Sen Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dumlupınar, 43000 Kütahya, Turkey
2
Department of Mining Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
3
Keramika Ceramics, Ünsa Mining, Tourism, Energy, Ceramics, Forest Products, Electricity Production Industry, Kutahya, Turkey
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Art, Dumlupinar University, Kutahya, Turkey
In addition to the use of nanotechnology in chemistry, biology, physics, computers, electronics, and materials science, it also has a wide range of applications in medicines (Barkalina et al. 2014). Today, synthesized nanomaterials are used in areas such as gene therapy applications, orthopaedic applications, treatment of cardiological diseases, cancer treatment, and dental care (Misra et al. 2010). They are also used in the synthesis of safe, effective, and most importantly inexpensive and non-toxic drugs. Nanosiz
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