Green mediated synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Gymnema sylvestre for catalytic reduct
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Green mediated synthesis of palladium nanoparticles using aqueous leaf extract of Gymnema sylvestre for catalytic reduction of Cr (VI) J. Kadam1 · S. Madiwale2 · B. Bashte2 · S. Dindorkar1 · P. Dhawal2 · P. More1 Received: 17 May 2020 / Accepted: 12 October 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) were synthesised using a microwave technique using Gymnema sylvestre (GSE) leaf extract. PdNPs were tailored to different PdCl2 and plant extract concentrations. Using XRD the crystalline existence of GSE-PdNPs has been established, confirming the formation of face-centered cubic structure. UV–Vis spectra of PdNPs d0. The FTIR spectra indicate the existence of functional groups which are responsible confirmed the reduction of Pd2+ to P for nanoparticles reduction and progression. The SEM discloses quasi-sphere nanoparticles without agglomeration or aggregation which TEM confirms further. The reduction of Cr (VI) was performed with PdNPs (10 mg/L) and achieved a reduction of 96% within 30 min. In order to investigate the efficient reduction of chromium from Cr (VI) to Cr (III), different reaction system parameters have been optimised.
* P. More, [email protected] | 1Department of Chemistry, K.E.T’s, Vinayak Ganesh Vaze College of Arts, Science and Commerce, Mithagar Road, Mulund (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400081, India. 2Animal Biotechnology and Biochemistry Division, Scientific Research Center, Vaze College Campus, Mithagar Road, Mulund (E), Mumbai, Maharashtra 400081, India. SN Applied Sciences
(2020) 2:1854
| https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03663-5
Vol.:(0123456789)
Research Article
SN Applied Sciences
(2020) 2:1854
| https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-020-03663-5
Graphic abstract
Keywords Green synthesis · Gymnema sylvestre · Palladium nanoparticles · Chromium reduction
1 Introduction Heavy metals contamination has become a serious issue of concern around the world as it has gained impetus due to the increase in the use and processing of heavy metals during various activities. Amongst them, Cr (VI) is the most hazardous one. Cr (VI) has hazardous effects on organisms and its removal from soil and water bodies has gained a considerable attention in last few decades [1, 2]. Cr (VI) is known a highly toxic, non-biodegradable and cancer causing material. It has toxicity one hundred times higher than that of Cr (III) [3]. Various diseases such as lung cancer, dermatitis and nasopharynx are due to hexavalent chromium [4, 5]. Various methodologies have been employed by the researchers for removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous medium from last so many years. The use of inorganic nanoparticles as reductants as well as catalysts for Cr (VI) reduction has become the subject of interest nowadays. This is due to high efficiency, low cost, environment friendly approach and applicability on industrial scale. Further no harmful by product is formed as compared to organic matter where re-oxidation may Vol:.(1234567890)
occur [6]. In this treatment, Cr (VI) is completely convert
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