Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of sulfated polysaccharides from five different edible seaweeds
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of sulfated polysaccharides from five different edible seaweeds K. Arunkumar1 · Rathinam Raja2 · V. B. Sameer Kumar3 · Ashna Joseph1 · T. Shilpa1 · Isabel S. Carvalho2 Received: 19 June 2020 / Accepted: 11 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In recent times, there has been a growing interest in the exploration of antioxidants and global trend toward the usage of seaweeds in the food industries. The low molecular weight up to 14 kDa sulfated polysaccharides of seaweeds (Portieria hornemannii, Spyridia hypnoides, Asparagopsis taxiformis, Centroceras clavulatum and Padina pavonica) were evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activities and cytotoxic assay using HeLa cell line and also characterized by FTIR. The high yield (7.74% alga dry wt.) of sulfated polysaccharide was observed in P. hornemannii followed by S. hypnoides (0.69%), C. clavulaum (0.55%) and A. taxiformis (0.17%). In the brown seaweed P. pavonica, the sulfated polysaccharide yield was 2.07%. High amount of sulfate was recorded in the polysaccharide of A. taxiformis followed by C. clavulaum, P. pavonica, S. hypnoides and P. hornemannii as indicative for bioactivity. The FTIR spectroscopic analysis supports the sulfated polysaccharides of S. hypnoides, C. clavulatum and A. taxiformis are similar to agar polymer whereas the spectral characteristics of P. hornemannii have similarities to carrageenan. The higher DPPH activity and reducing power were recorded in the polysaccharide of brown seaweed P. pavonica than the red seaweeds as follows: DPPH activities: S. hypnoides > A. taxiformis > C. clavulatum > P. hornimanii; Reducing power: A. taxiformis > P. hornimanii > S. hypnoides > C. clavulatum. The polysaccharide fractions contain up to 14 kDa from red seaweeds P. hornemannii and S. hypnoides followed by brown seaweed P. pavonica exhibit cytotoxic activity in HeLa cancer cell line (and are similar to structural properties of carrageenan extracted from P. hornemannii). The low molecular weight agar like polymer of S. hypnoides and alginate like brown seaweed P. pavonica showing better in vitro antioxidant activities that are capable of exhibiting cytotoxicity against HeLa cell line can be taken up further in-depth investigation for nutraceutical study. Keywords Seaweeds · Sulfated polysaccharides · Antioxidants · Cytotoxic assay · HeLa cell lines
Introduction Marine macroalgae (seaweeds) are the only resource for industrially important polymers such as agar and carrageenan from red seaweeds; alginate, fucoidan and laminarin from brown seaweeds. These polymers are extracted * Rathinam Raja [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Science, Central University of Kerala, Periye, Kerala 671 320, India
2
MED‑Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Food Science Laboratory, FCT, University of Algarve, Building 8, Gambelas, 8005‑139 Faro, Portugal
3
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Central Univ
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