Assessing the Need of Pre-germination Anaerobic Stress-Tolerant Varieties in Indian Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
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Assessing the Need of Pre-germination Anaerobic Stress-Tolerant Varieties in Indian Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Ambika Rajendran1 • Sanjay Kumar Lal1
The National Academy of Sciences, India 2020
Abstract In the wake of unprecedented extreme precipitation scenario, this paper attempts to evaluate the need of breeding efforts to develop soybean ideotypes for moisture extremes in case of excessive rainfall in highly productive soybean areas of India. During the monsoon months, the decadal rainfall analysis in selected high soybean-producing districts of Madhya Pradesh (highest rainfall 350.27 mm in July), Maharashtra (highest rainfall 223.73 mm in July) and Rajasthan (highest rainfall 290.06 mm in August) indicated that the crop has every chance to get exposed to waterlogging stress in its initial stages of germination (pre-germination) and initial seedling establishment, thereby adversely affecting the vegetative phase of the crop. Hence, genetic enhancement of soybean through tolerant varieties/cultivars to pre-germination anaerobic stress should be a viable strategy to overcome waterlogging in any case, providing good yield to soybean producers.
Introduction Soybean is a wonder crop with a unique combination of protein (40%) and fat (20%) making it useful in a number of food and feed products. In 2017, India soybean had a production and productivity of 13.16 million tonnes and 1.16 t/ha, respectively, from an area of 11.32 million hectare. India ranks fifth in the world and accounts for 3%
& Ambika Rajendran [email protected] 1
Soybean Unit, Division of Genetics, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
of world production (336.8 million tonnes). The main soybean growing areas of India covering about 80% production are Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. Madhya Pradesh accounts for 54 lakh ha area, 57.2 lakh MT production and 1059 kg/ha productivity. In Madhya Pradesh, the major districts that grow soybean lie in Ujjain, Indore and Bhopal divisions. The productivity levels of these divisions are 1201 kg/ha, 1108 kg/ha and 1108 kg/ha, respectively. The production is highest in Ujjain (21.99 lakh MT) followed by Bhopal (10.72 lakh MT) and Indore (9.62 lakh MT). Next to Madhya Pradesh is Maharashtra with a productivity of 1102 kg/ha and 39.46 lakh MT production from 35.81 lakh ha area. Amravati division covering five districts in Maharashtra produces the highest of 16.47 lakh MT soybean with a productivity of 1251 kg/ha. Latur and Aurangabad divisions of Maharashtra produce 12.93 lakh MT and 3.38 lakh MT soybean with a productivity of 1026 kg/ha and 1015 kg/ha, respectively. Rajasthan ranks third among states with 9.50 lakh MT production from an area of 9.81 lakh ha [1]. Soybean is basically grown in kharif season coinciding with monsoon rain. The season stretches from June–July to October–November. Erratic duration, amount and onset of monsoon affect planting and hinder productivity in soybean. Seasonal rainfall has shown a signific
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