Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill) intercropping with reduced nitrogen input influences rhizosphere phosphorus dynamics
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) intercropping with reduced nitrogen input influences rhizosphere phosphorus dynamics and phosphorus acquisition of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) Jihui Tian 1,2 & Mengtian Tang 2 & Xia Xu 2 & Shasha Luo 2 & Leo M. Condron 3 & Hans Lambers 4,5 & Kunzheng Cai 1,2 & Jianwu Wang 1,2 Received: 31 March 2020 / Revised: 4 June 2020 / Accepted: 11 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Reducing nitrogen (N) input can improve crop productivity in cereal-legume intercrops, but the impact on phosphorus (P) acquisition is unclear. A 10-year (2009–2018) field experiment was conducted to quantify how P acquisition by sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) was affected by intercropping with soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill at 1:1 and 1:2) with two N inputs (300 kg ha−1 [reduced], 525 kg ha−1 [conventional]). Nitrogen was supplied only to the sugarcane crop, and soybean received no N. There was a significantly higher land-equivalent ratio of sugarcane-soybean intercropping than of the sole cropping, and the intercropping advantage was more pronounced under reduced N input which can be associated with high degree of complementary N use. Furthermore, soybean intercropping with reduced N input stimulated acid phosphomonoesterase activity and depleted organic P in the rhizosphere of sugarcane, resulting in increased sugarcane stem P concentration and system P-use efficiency. The interspecific facilitation of P acquisition could be associated with the increased symbiotic N2 fixation in soybean, soil microbial biomass and activity under reduced N input. In conclusion, soybean intercropping with reduced N input to sugarcane enhanced rhizosphere enzymatic organic P transformation and sugarcane P acquisition, which may contribute to maintaining a sustainable sugarcane production under low N supply. The findings advance our understanding of interactions between N and P cycling and provide new evidence for the value of cereal-legume intercrops in reducing fertilizer input. Keywords Cereal-legume intercrop . Phosphorus fractionation . Acid phosphomonoesterase . Phosphorus-use efficiency . Low nitrogen application
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-020-01484-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Jianwu Wang [email protected] 1
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
2
College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
3
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, PO Box 85084, Christchurch 7647, New Zealand
4
School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
5
Department of Plant Nutrition, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Develo
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