Foliar Application of Zn Phosphite and Zn EDTA in Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merrill): In Vivo Investigations of Transpo
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Foliar Application of Zn Phosphite and Zn EDTA in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill): In Vivo Investigations of Transport, Chemical Speciation, and Leaf Surface Changes Marcos Henrique Feresin Gomes 1 & Bianca de Almeida Machado 1 & João Paulo Rodrigues Marques 1 & Rafael Otto 2 & Thomas Eichert 3 & Hudson Wallace Pereira de Carvalho 1 Received: 27 April 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 # Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2020
Abstract Due to a zinc-deficient diet, about 800,000 children die each year worldwide. This aspect is amended by exploiting foliar fertilization, a useful alternative to improve crop yield and nutritional quality of food crops. The aim of this study was then to investigate the leaf uptake and transport of zinc by soybean (Glycine max (L) Merrill). Plant leaves were treated with Zn phosphite and Zn ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) commercial formulations. X-ray spectroscopy (XRF and XANES) was exploited to trace nutrient movement in the petiolule and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the influence of leaf surface treatments. No radiation damage, in terms of elemental redistribution, was observed during the XRF and XANES measurements. As an alternative to radioisotopes, XRF allowed to detect the movement of Zn from both sources in the plant petiolule. Both fertilizers disintegrated leaf epicuticular wax crystals, yet accumulation of sediments in the vicinity of stomata was noted only for Zn phosphite. Absorption and redistribution of Zn were higher for plants that received Zn phosphite. Zinc supplied as Zn phosphite was transported in a form different from that of the pristine Zn phosphite, whereas Zn supplied as Zn EDTA was transported in its chelated form. Keywords Foliar fertilization . Glycine max . X-ray fluorescence (XRF) . X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) . Zn phosphite . Zn EDTA
1 Introduction Although being required only as a trace element, zinc is essential for plant and animal (including humans) nutrition. In plants, Zn is involved in several metabolic processes like synElectronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42729-020-00338-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Hudson Wallace Pereira de Carvalho [email protected] 1
Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP 13416-000, Brazil
2
Department of Soil Science, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil
3
Department of Horticulture, Erfurt University of Applied Sciences, 99085 Erfurt, Germany
thesis of protein and growth hormone, metabolism of carbohydrates, and maintenance of the cell membrane integrity (Broadley et al. 2012). However, the availability of Zn in most cultivated soils is low. A survey relying on approximately 38,000 soil samples from Brazilian agricultural areas revealed that ca. 35% of the soils were Zn deficient (Guilherme et al. 2015). Around the w
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