Bacterial cellulose as an oleaginous yeast cell carrier for soybean oil refinery effluent treatment and pyrolysis oil pr
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RESEARCH PAPER
Bacterial cellulose as an oleaginous yeast cell carrier for soybean oil refinery effluent treatment and pyrolysis oil production Nan Qiao1 · Xue Fan1,2 · Shuang Hu3 · Xiuzhen Zhang3 · Ling Wang3 · Yundi Du1 · Lei Wang3 · Xiaojun Zhang3 · Dayu Yu3 Received: 23 August 2020 / Accepted: 3 November 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Bacterial cellulose produced from soybean oil refinery effluent is a good immobilization carrier because of the large pores in its fiber network, its high water-holding capacity, and its good biocompatibility. In this study, it was applied to immobilization of oleaginous yeasts for treating soybean oil refinery effluent. The immobilization percentage reached 50%, and the removal of chemical oxygen demand and oil content reached 92.1% and 93.1%, respectively, during dynamic immobilization using a mass percentage of bacterial cellulose of 30% and an immobilization time of 24 h, which were significantly higher than those of free oleaginous yeasts or yeasts immobilized by bacterial cellulose from rich medium. The immobilized oleaginous yeasts facilitated the recovery of the yeasts and effectively treated three batches of soybean oil refinery effluent. The immobilized oleaginous yeasts recovered after soybean oil refinery effluent treatment were pyrolyzed to produce bio-oil, which contributed to more alkanes and a higher calorific value of bio-oil in the pyrolysis products as compared to those of free oleaginous yeasts. As bacterial cellulose used as an oleaginous yeast cell carrier is produced from soybean oil refinery effluent, no waste of immobilization materials is involved and an efficient waste-into-oil bioprocess is developed. Keywords Bacterial cellulose · Immobilized oleaginous yeasts · Soybean oil refinery effluent treatment · Pyrolysis oil · Resource utilization
Introduction Soybean oil is one of the most widely used edible oils in the world. Large amounts of wastewater and solid waste are produced during the soybean oil refining process, which usually includes degumming, alkalinization, earth bleaching, and deodorization to remove undesired flavor-destroying minor compounds from the crude soybean oil [14, 29]. Soybean oil refinery effluent (SORE) has a high chemical oxygen * Xiaojun Zhang [email protected] * Dayu Yu [email protected] 1
School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China
2
School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
3
Sci‑Tech Center for Clean Conversion and High‑Valued Utilization of Biomass, Jilin Province, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, Jilin, China
demand (COD) and contains large amounts of sodium salts from free fatty acid soap stocks, oil, grease, sulfates, and phosphates [16, 27]. If SORE is directly discharged, it will affect the self-purification ability of the water and create a heavy burden for the ecological environment. Many organic substances in SO
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