Bacterial Therapy of Cancer Methods and Protocols
This volume explores the evolution of bacterial cancer therapy and describes the modern techniques used in therapy today. The chapters in this book cover a broad range of topics such as the development of tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A
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Robert M. Hoffman Editor
Bacterial Therapy of Cancer Methods and Protocols
METHODS
IN
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life and Medical Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/7651
Bacterial Therapy of Cancer Methods and Protocols
Edited by
Robert M. Hoffman AntiCancer, Inc., University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
Editor Robert M. Hoffman AntiCancer Inc. University of California San Diego San Diego, CA, USA
ISSN 1064-3745 ISSN 1940-6029 (electronic) Methods in Molecular Biology ISBN 978-1-4939-3513-0 ISBN 978-1-4939-3515-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-3515-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015960794 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover Page: Zhao, M., Yang, M., Li, X-M., Jiang, P., Baranov, E., Li, S., Xu, M., Penman, S., and Hoffman, R.M. Tumor-targeting bacterial therapy with amino acid auxotrophs of GFP-expressing Salmonella typhimurium. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 102, 755–760, 2005. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is a brand of Springer Springer Science+Business Media LLC New York is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Dedication This book is dedicated to the memory of A.R. Moossa, M.D., and Sun Lee, M.D.
Introduction The potential of bacteria to cure cancer has been documented for hundreds of years. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, bacterial therapy of cancer was first-line at one of the most important cancer hospitals in the world, New York Hospital (later to become the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center), directed by Dr. William B. Coley, arguably one of the most important oncologists in history. However, Dr. Coley had a great discreditor at his hospital, the renowned pathologist James Ewing, who ended Coley’s career and thereby ended bacterial therapy of
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