Baseline sensitivity of penthiopyrad against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex and its efficacy for the con
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Baseline sensitivity of penthiopyrad against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex and its efficacy for the control of Colletotrichum leaf disease in rubber tree Xiaoyu Liang & Yun Peng & Lijun Zou & Meng Wang & Ye Yang & Yu Zhang
Accepted: 7 October 2020 # Koninklijke Nederlandse Planteziektenkundige Vereniging 2020
Abstract Colletotrichum leaf disease (CLD), mainly caused by the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex (CGSC), is a serious disease of rubber tree in most rubber-growing countries. Few fungicides are available for rubber farmers to manage this disease. To control CLD effectively, it is important to test the baseline sensitivity and efficacy of fungicides against CGSC isolates. Penthiopyrad is a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) that has been registered for use in many countries. In this study, baseline sensitivity to penthiopyrad was established by mycelial growth methods using 91 CGSC isolates collected from rubber trees in China. The EC50 values of penthiopyrad ranged from 0.243 to 3.377 mg/L with a mean EC50 value of 1.685 mg/L. Penthiopyrad greatly decreased the mycelial biomass and increased cell membrane permeability of CGSC isolates. The mycelia were severely distorted, and the number of top branches increased with penthiopyrad treatment. Penthiopyrad inhibited Xiaoyu Liang and Yun Peng contributed equally to this work. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-020-02130-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. X. Liang : Y. Peng : L. Zou : M. Wang : Y. Yang : Y. Zhang College of Plant Protection, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China X. Liang : M. Wang : Y. Yang : Y. Zhang (*) Key Laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and Pests, Ministry of Education, Haikou, China e-mail: [email protected]
succinate dehydrogenase activity, causing a decrease in the ATP content of CGSC isolates, and significantly inhibited conidia germination and appressorium formation on rubber tree leaves. The protective and curative efficacy of 100 mg/L penthiopyrad reached up to 98.53% and 66.79% against CLD, respectively. Our results demonstrated the high inhibitory activity of penthiopyrad against CGSC isolates and its potential for CLD management on rubber tree. Keywords Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex . Colletotrichum leaf disease . Rubber tree . Penthiopyrad . Efficacy
Introduction The rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) is an economically important tropical tree species that produces natural rubber, accounting for over 98% of the total production worldwide (Priyadarshan and Goncalves 2003; Tang et al. 2016). Colletotrichum leaf disease (CLD) is a serious disease in most rubber-growing countries in Asia and South America (Jayasinghe and Fernando 1998; Guyot et al. 2005). There are over 100 species in the Colletotrichum genus, which cause anthracnose disease in over 460 woody and herbaceous plants (Cannon et al. 2012; Kamoun et al. 2015; Wi
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