Starch composition, glycemic indices, antioxidant properties and carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes activities of African
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(2020) 20:260
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Starch composition, glycemic indices, antioxidant properties and carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes activities of African star apple fruit parts Olubunmi B. Ajayi, Folake L. Oyetayo and Seun F. Akomolafe*
Abstract Background: African star apple (Chrysophyllum albidum) is a traditonal fruit, which is predominant in tropical regions with the fruit parts consumed by the populace and used in folklore to manage diabetes. However, the likely activity mechanism is still undetermined. The current study examined and compared the inhibitory abilities of African star apple fruit parts on selected key enzymes related to diabetes mellitus in the pancreas tissue of rat. Methods: Inhibitory effect of aqueous extract (1:10 w/v) of African star apple fruit parts (pulp, cotyledon, seed coat and pulp coat) on the activities of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, as well as their starch composition, phenolic constituents, estimated glycemic index, and antioxidant properties were assessed. Results: The fruit parts showed low sugar, eGI, amylose, and amylopectin contents. The analysis also showed that the fruit parts inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities and exhibited antioxidant properties. Furthermore, the fruit parts contain high concentrations of beta-amyrin acetate, eleagine, epicatechin, epigallocatechin, skatole, stigmasterol and tetrahydro − 2- methylharman as revealed by HPLC-DAD. Conclusion: The fruit part low estimated glycemic indices, strong antioxidant properties, inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities exhibited might be related to the bioactive compounds contained in the extract. This could also be a potential mechanism for the use in the prevention and management of type-2 diabetes. Nevertheless, the African star apple pulp coat displayed the highest property in comparison to other parts of the fruit. Keywords: African star apple fruit, α-Amylase, Diabetes mellitus, α-Glucosidase, Antioxidant, Acarbose
Background The inability of β-pancreatic islet to produce sufficient insulin or un-utilization of insulin by the body is an underlining pathology of Diabetes mellitus. This civic medical challenge is linked to the rise in the rates of mortality and morbidity globally [1]. Nevertheless, * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] Department of Biochemistry, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Ekiti State P.M.B. 5363, Nigeria
administrating carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes (αglucosidase and α-amylase) inhibitors (like acarbose) and/or reduction of carbohydrate consumption can decrease the absorption of glucose into the blood stream [2, 3]. This will help to reduce glucose assimilation into the blood stream [3]. Acarbose, which is a synthetic drug currently in use for the inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes has been reported to unveil several adverse influences. Herbs have been used by man from time immemorial to prevent and/or treat a wide array of
© The Author(s). 2020 Open Access T
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