Bioceramics in Tissue Engineering

This chapter is focused on the classification of bioceramics and their medical applications. Alumina, zirconia or alumina–zirconia-based composite bioinert ceramics are currently used as femoral heads, acetabular cups for hip replacement, and dental impla

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REPORT


7

Yunzhi Yang, Yunqing Kang, Milan Sen, and Sangwon Park

Contents 7.1 7.2

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Classification of Bioceramics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.1 Bioinert Ceramics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.2 Glass-Ceramic and Bioactive Glass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.2.3 Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3 Applications of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.1 Bioactive Cement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.2 Porous Bioceramic Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.3.3 Ceramic-Based Composite Scaffold for Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery 7.4 Bioceramics for Cancer Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4.1 Bioceramics for Radiation Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.4.2 Bioceramics for Hyperthermia Therapy for Cancer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.5 Bioceramics for Dental Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7.6 Future Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

180 181 181 184 186 190 190 192 193 197 197 197 198 199 200

Abstract This chapter is focused on the classification of bioceramics and their medical applications. Alumina, zirconia or alumina–zirconia-based composite bioinert ceramics are currently used as femoral heads, acetabular cups for hip replacement, and dental implants. Nano-structured bioinert ceramics with significantly improved toughness and stability are desirable for future clinical needs. Bioactive glass and calcium phosphates are being investigated as bone fillers, bone cements, coatings, and scaffolds for bone repair and regeneration. Cell-laden biodegradable bioceramic/biopolymer hybrid composites mimicking the bony hierarchical structure present the desired properties for bone substitution and tissue engineering and are creating a new generation of regeneration materials. Bioceramics for dental and cancer treatment are also introduced in thi

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