Biohydrogen production from photodecomposition of various cellulosic biomass wastes using metal-TiO 2 catalysts
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Biohydrogen production from photodecomposition of various cellulosic biomass wastes using metal-TiO2 catalysts Syaahidah Abdul Razak 1 & Abdul Hanif Mahadi 1 & Rosnah Abdullah 1 & Hartini Mohd Yasin 2 & Fairuzeta Ja’afar 2 & Norizah Abdul Rahman 3 & Hasliza Bahruji 1 Received: 15 August 2020 / Revised: 15 November 2020 / Accepted: 18 November 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Biohydrogen generation from direct photocatalytic decomposition of lignocellulose biomass waste was investigated using TiO2 with metal co-catalysts. The behavior of the photocatalyst was explored by studying the effect of metal co-catalysts (Pd, Cu, Ni, Ce) and the amount of metal loading. The reactivity of TiO2 was found to vary depending on the metal co-catalysts, with the order of reactivity being Pd > Cu > Ni = Ce. Cellulose samples extracted from coconut husk, fern fiber, and cotton linter were characterized using XRD, FTIR, and SEM analysis. Crystallinity index (CI), degree of polymerization (DP), and α-cellulose and hemicellulose concentrations were correlated with hydrogen yield. Cotton linter cellulose with high CI and DP produced 131 μmol of H2 in 3 h followed by cellulose extracted from coconut husk at 38 μmol and fern fibers at 6 μmol. High concentrations of hemicellulose enhanced the rate of H2 production due to the release of acetic acid during photodecomposition and accelerated the hydrolysis. Sugar fractions containing glucose and fructose obtained from hydrothermal treatment of cotton linter cellulose improved H2 yield, which suggests that the rate limiting step of the reaction is the dissociation of β(1→4)glycosidic bonds to form sugar monomers. Keywords Cellulose . Holocellulose . Sugar . Hydrogen . Pd/TiO2 . Photocatalysis . Biomass
1 Introduction Conversion of biomass into renewable green energy is seen as an alternative substitute to the depleting fossil fuel resources. Cellulose and hemicellulose consist of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the form of linear polymeric saccharides chains but with varying homogeneity [1]. Cellulose is synthesized by living organisms, particularly plants, as the main substance in the cell wall [2]. As the most abundant organic compound, conversion of cellulose to value-added
* Hasliza Bahruji [email protected] 1
Centre of Advanced Materials and Energy Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei
2
Chemical Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong, Bandar Seri Begawan BE1410, Brunei
3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
commodities has been investigated, for example as an additive in food and pharmaceutical industries [3]. Conversion of cellulose into glucose using methods such as hydrothermal treatment and hydrolysis also showed promising routes for conversion of cellulose to value-added commodities [4, 5]. Hydrothermal degradation
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