Biosynthesis and Chemical Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Satureja Rechingeri Jamzad and Their Apoptotic
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Biosynthesis and Chemical Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Satureja Rechingeri Jamzad and Their Apoptotic Effects on AGS Gastric Cancer Cells Roghayeh Shiripoure Ganjineh Ketab1 • Farzaneh Tafvizi1
•
Parvin Khodarahmi1
Received: 19 April 2020 / Accepted: 21 September 2020 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Since green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is a simple, safe, cost-effective and eco-friendly method, AgNPs appear to be promising anti-cancer agents in the medical field. In this study, the biosynthesis of AgNPs was performed using aqueous extract of Satureja rechingeri Jamzad. Their anti-cancer activity was evaluated on the AGS gastric cancer cell line. The characteristics of the AgNPs were evaluated and approved by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Dynamic light scattering (DLS). The cytotoxic effect of AgNPs on the AGS cell line was evaluated by MTT assay for 24 h. Flow cytometry technique was performed to evaluate apoptosis using AnnexinV-FITC kit as well as cell cycle analysis. The expression of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes was evaluated using Real-Time PCR. The average size of AgNPs was calculated at 62 ± 1 nm. The biosynthesized nanoparticles inhibited AGS cell growth in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry results confirmed apoptotic cell death. Also biosynthesized AgNPs caused up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes; caspase-3, caspase-9 and Bax and down-regulation of Bcl2 gene and inhibited the expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E genes. The cell cycle analysis revealed the cancer cells arrest in the G0/G1 phase. It appears that AgNPs synthesized by Satureja rechingeri Jamzad have a high potential for use as an anti-cancer drug for the treatment of gastric cancer. Graphic Abstract
& Farzaneh Tafvizi [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Biology, Parand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Parand, Iran
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R.S.G. Ketab et al.
Keywords Satureja rechingeri Jamzad Green synthesized AgNPs Apoptosis AGS cell line
Introduction Cancer is the first cause of death in developed countries and the second leading cause of death in developing countries. The variety and prevalence of cancer outbreak over the past years has led to the development of a variety of treatments. Depending on the type, position, rate of progression, extent of the disease, and the patient status, a combination of different approaches are used to treat cancer [1]. Gastric cancer is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the world [2]. Treatment of gastric cancer depends on the patient’s condition. But common treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Unfortunately, gastric cancer is not always responsive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy [3]. There are also
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