Can Lead and Nickel Interaction Affect Plant Nutrient Uptake Pattern in Spinach ( Spinacia oleracea )?
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FULL-LENGTH RESEARCH ARTICLE
Can Lead and Nickel Interaction Affect Plant Nutrient Uptake Pattern in Spinach (Spinacia oleracea)? M. L. Dotaniya1 • J. S. Pipalde1,2 • R. C. Jain2 • S. Rajendiran1 • M. Vassanda Coumar1 • J. K. Saha1 • A. K. Patra1
Received: 15 September 2017 / Accepted: 22 July 2019 Ó NAAS (National Academy of Agricultural Sciences) 2019
Abstract Increasing lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) pollution through geogenic and anthropogenic activities is a major concern to evolve a sustainable crop and to meet the food requirement of a growing population. Interaction effects of metal ions may affect the essential plant nutrients concentration and their uptake by crops. For this, a pot culture experiment was conducted with four levels (0, 100, 150 and 300 mg kg-1 dry soil) of each Pb and Ni in combinations that were spiked into black cotton soils (5 kg pot-1) of Central India. Spinach crop was raised as test crop. The essential plant nutrients and heavy metal concentration in spinach were measured. Experimental results showed that increasing the concentration of Pb in soil significantly (p = 0.05) reduced the concentration of micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn) as well as macronutrients (P, K, S) in the plant parts. Application of Ni did not significantly increase the concentration of plant nutrients in root and shoot of spinach. The magnitude of Pb toxicity was high as compared to the magnitude of Ni toxicity in both root and shoot. This type of research studies helps in the formulation of waste water management policies, mostly in developing countries to protect the natural resources with respect to sustainable crop management. Keywords Heavy metal Micronutrients Pollution Plant nutrient uptake Photosynthesis Toxicity Plant nutrients
Introduction Heavy metal pollution is increasing at higher pace, and the soil health and crop qualities are affected due to pollution [28]. The soil biogeochemical cycles of essential plant nutrients are also disturbing due to harmful effect of metals on soil microbial biomass [12]. Heavy metal accumulation in different natural cycles may affect the valuable role of ecological processes, nutritional mechanism and environmental quality [1]. The contamination of heavy metals from geogenic and anthropogenic origin is listed by various researchers [10, 14, 15]. The intensity of contamination is more due to anthropogenic activities, like extraction of & M. L. Dotaniya [email protected] 1
ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia Road, Bhopal 462 038, India
2
RAK College of Agriculture, Sehore 466 001, India
metals through mining, industrial uses of heavy metals, sewage and sludge utilization, domestic use of heavy metals and faulty agricultural management practices [27]. Heavy metals are mutagenic and retard growth of plants [8, 9] and create imbalance of biochemical processes in living, and extreme pollution leads to death of organisms [5, 6]. Among the heavy metals, lead (Pb) and nickel (Ni) are having higher toxicity towards plant and animal systems.
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