Cancer Gene Profiling Methods and Protocols

Over the last few years, the methods for analyzing cancer-related genes on a molecular level have changed rapidly. The advent of incredible new technology, such as automated sequencing, has served as a catalyst for many advances in the area of gene profil

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Molecular Biology™

Series Editor John M. Walker School of Life Sciences University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, AL10 9AB, UK



For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/7651

Cancer Gene Profiling Methods and Protocols

Edited by

Robert Grützmann and Christian Pilarsky Department of Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University Dresden, Dresden, Germany

Editors Robert Grützmann Department of Surgery University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus University Dresden Dresden Germany [email protected]

Christian Pilarsky Department of Surgery University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus University Dresden Dresden Germany [email protected]

ISSN 1064-3745 e-ISSN 1940-6029 ISBN 978-1-934115-76-3 e-ISBN 978-1-59745-545-9 DOI 10.1007/978-1-59745-545-9 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009930638 © Humana Press, a part of Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Humana is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface Science is the agent between imagination and reality (Anonymous) During the last few years, the methods for analysing cancer-related genes on a molecular level have changed rapidly. With the advent of automated sequencing, new and faster investigations have become possible. This has led to the collection of a large number of DNA samples, such as Expressed Sequence Tag (EST) libraries whose entries run into millions. The advances in DNA sequencing technologies resulted in rapid improvements in oligonucleotide synthesising technologies, which has allowed researchers to produce oligonucleotides for each and every imaginable sequence at a low cost. Finally, the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and other improvements in enzymatic in vitro amplification of nucleic acids, gave researchers the opportunity to use low amounts of nucleic acid