Characterisation of root-knot nematode ( Meloidogyne spp.) and frequency of nematodes associated with artichoke crops in
- PDF / 708,253 Bytes
- 6 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 18 Downloads / 228 Views
SHORT COMMUNICATION
Characterisation of root‑knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) and frequency of nematodes associated with artichoke crops in the “Irrigación Majes”, Arequipa, Peru Thalia Mili Caballero‑Luque1 · Victor Hugo Casa‑Coila1 · Israel Lima‑Medina2 Received: 17 October 2020 / Accepted: 26 October 2020 © Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft 2020
Abstract Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne ssp.) are one of the most damaging phytoparasites in various agricultural crops along the southern coast of Peru. The aim of the present study was to characterise the root-knot nematode and determine the frequency of the nematodes associated with artichoke crop in the “Irrigación Majes”. Samples of roots and soil were collected in artichoke crops. The nematode genera associated with the crops were determined and quantified by morphological characteristics. Meloidogyne spp. populations extracted from the roots were characterised using esterase phenotypes (Est). Seven phytoparasitic nematode genera were found in the soil samples: Meloidogyne, Helicotylenchus, Mesocriconema, Aphelenchus, Tylenchorrynchus, Pratylenchus, Hemicyclophora and free-living nematodes. In the roots sampled, 32 populations of Meloidogyne spp. were found, distributed into four species: (1) M. hapla Est H2, Rm: 0.92, 1.18, with 47.37% frequency in the samples; (2) two phenotypes for M. incognita Est I1, Rm: 1.0 (47.37%), Est I2, Rm: 1.03, 1.08 (31.58%); (3) one phenotype for M. arenaria Est A1 Rm: 1.19 (21.05%); and an atypical species named Meloidogyne sp. Rm: 0.84 (21.05%). Keywords Root-knot · Nematode · Isoenzymes · Esterase · Cynara cardunculus L
Introduction Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus L. subspecies Scolymus [L.] Fiori) is native to the Mediterranean. Crops are widespread around the world, and it is used as food as well as in medicine (Noldin et al. 2003). Peru has been positioning as one of the main producers, with a national cultivated area of 8,074 ha, and a production of 154,552 tons. The Arequipa region participates with 41.49% of cultivated areas of the national total, and the Majes irrigation project represents one of the main production areas (SIEA 2018). Most of the production is exported to countries such as the USA and Spain, among others, whether as fresh, canned, processed, or frozen inflorescences. In 2019, Peru exported 38,420 tons of this crop (MINAGRI 2019).
* Victor Hugo Casa‑Coila [email protected] 1
Universidad Nacional de San Agustín de Arequipa, Arequipa, Peru
Investigador RENACYT, Puno, Peru
2
Various pests and diseases affect the normal development of artichoke, including root-parasitic nematodes, such as the genus Meloidogyne spp. (Carneiro and Almeida 1993; Greco et al. 2005). This nematode genus occupies the number one position among the ten most important parasitic nematodes in plants worldwide (Jones et al. 2013). In Peru, there are reports of artichoke plants with wilt symptoms and root knots caused by the genus Meloidogyne (INIA 2001; Cossío 2018). Other genera of nematodes associated with art
Data Loading...
