Response of soybean cyst nematode ( Heterodera glycines ) and root-knot nematodes ( Meloidogyne spp.) to gradients of pH
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Response of soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines) and root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) to gradients of pH and inorganic salts Cui Hua & Chunjie Li & Ye Jiang & Minghui Huang & Valerie M. Williamson & Congli Wang
Received: 7 May 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Background and Aims Plant-parasitic nematodes are able to sense and respond to gradients of chemical signals. How pH and inorganic salts in the rhizosphere affect nematode accumulation and host-seeking is poorly understood. We investigate the response of different groups of plant-parasitic nematodes to pH and salt concentration gradients. Methods Responses of infective juveniles (J2) of the economically important plant-parasitic nematodes, soybean cyst nematodes (SCN; Heterodera glycines) and root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne incognita and M. hapla) to pH and salt gradients were assessed using Pluronic F-127 gel-based assays. Microelectrodes were
utilized to measure pH and ion concentration gradients in the gel. Key Results Differences were found between the three nematode species in response to acid, base and salts. For SCN, maximum nematode accumulation was between pH range 4.98–5.46 in an acid gradient, while the preferred alkaline pH ranges were 8.40–8.78 and 9.52– 9.99. The preferred Cl− concentration for SCN attraction was 171–256 mM. RKN showed weak attraction to base and salt at low J2 concentration but increasing attraction at a greater nematode concentration. Conclusions The pH and inorganic salts affect nematode behavior, accumulation, and survival. These findings provide new considerations for strategies to manage plant-parasitic nematodes under field conditions.
Responsible Editor: Ulrike Mathesius
Keywords Heterodera glycines . Meloidogyne incognita . Meloidogyne hapla . Chemotaxis . Nematode attraction . pH gradient
Cui Hua and Chunjie Li contributed equally to this work. C. Hua : C. Li : Y. Jiang : M. Huang : C. Wang (*) Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China e-mail: [email protected] C. Hua : Y. Jiang : M. Huang University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China C. Hua College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China V. M. Williamson Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
Introduction Plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) are responsible for substantial reductions in crop yield and quality globally with root-knot nematodes (RKN, Meloidogyne spp.) and cyst nematodes (CN, Heterodera and Globodera spp.) widely considered to be the two most damaging and economically important groups (Jones et al. 2013). Many RKN species including the tropical species Meloidogyne incognita and the temperate climate species M. hapla have very broad host ranges spanning
Plant Soil
over 1000 plant species (Jones et al. 2013). Cyst nematodes generally have a narrow host range but can be very damaging to the
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