Characterization of strains of Chlorella from Abakaliki, Nigeria, for the production of high-value products under variab
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Characterization of strains of Chlorella from Abakaliki, Nigeria, for the production of high-value products under variable temperatures John Nwkpuru Idenyi 1 & Jonathan Chukwu Eya 2 & James Chukwuma Ogbonna 3 & Mathias Ahii Chia 4 & Md Asraful Alam 5 & Benjamin E. Ubi 1 Received: 14 July 2020 / Revised and accepted: 20 October 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The successes made in the production of algal high-value products in the last decades are threatened by the continuous rise in global temperature to which most strains are not fully adapted. The choice of strains adapted to high temperatures from novel locations with excellent potential to produce high concentrations of biomolecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, pigments, and antioxidants is extremely important and requires continuous exploration. In the present study, strains Chlorella lewinii KU220 JNI1, Chlorella sp. NEIST JNI3, Chlorella lewinii KU217 JNI6, and Chlorella sp. NC JNI8 were characterized for the quantity and quality of lipids and fatty acids, pigments, carbohydrates, and proteins at 20, 25, and 30°C. The highest biomass (cell densities and ash-free dry weight), chlorophylls, and carotenoids production occurred at 25 and 30°C. Regardless of the growth temperature, total lipids, total carbohydrates, and total protein levels ranged from 12.96 to 51.11% of ash-free dry weight. Palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (18:0) were the predominant fatty acids in the strains irrespective of temperature conditions. With such high levels of fatty acid saturation and biodiesel characteristics, the lipids were best suited for bioenergy purposes. The excellent general performance of the strains under the different temperature treatments means they are adapted for bioenergy and food applications in areas with variable and rising temperatures. Keywords Biomolecules . Chlorella . Chlorophyta . High value products . Microalgae . Temperature
Introduction Microalgae are an enormous and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotes lacking true leaves, stems, and vascular systems. They are rich in a wide array of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, carbohydrates, and pigments (Thompson et al. 1992; Zhu et al. 1997; Griffiths and Harrison 2009; Ambati et al. 2014), making them excellent * John Nwkpuru Idenyi [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Biotechnology, Ebonyi State University, P.M.B, 053, Abakaliki, Nigeria
2
Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, 139 Hamblin Hall, P.O. Box 1000, Institute, WV 25112-1000, USA
3
Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
4
Department of Botany, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
5
School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, People’s Republic of China
candidates for different biotechnological applications (Borowitzka 1997; Ogbonna et al. 1997; Pulz and Gross 2004; Spolaore et al. 2006; Ogbonna 2009; Alam et al. 2020). To be specific, microalgal biomass rich in carbohydrate and
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