Co- inoculant response of plant growth promoting non-rhizobial endophytic yeast Candida tropicalis VYW1 and Rhizobium sp
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Co- inoculant response of plant growth promoting non-rhizobial endophytic yeast Candida tropicalis VYW1 and Rhizobium sp. VRE1 for enhanced plant nutrition, nodulation, growth and soil nutrient status in Mungbean (Vigna mungo L.,) Brundha Annadurai 1 & Sugitha Thangappan 1 & Z. John Kennedy 2 & S. G. Patil 3 & Sivakumar Uthandi 1 Received: 11 June 2020 / Accepted: 16 November 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Non-rhizobial endophytes (NRE) from root nodule niche are well known for their plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, unique metabolites, and assisting rhizobial nodulation. A co- inoculant developed with NRE yeast strain Candida tropicalis VYW1 and Rhizobium sp. VRE1 obtained from mungbean nodules significantly influenced nodulation behavior, plant growth, and soil health by exhibiting increased nodules plant−1, nodule biomass (141.71 mg), and N uptake (1.13 kg ha−1). Besides, root and shoot length, total biomass also increased significantly in co-inoculated plants registering 23.9 cm, 22.5 cm, and 0.51 g, respectively. Similarly, soil nutrient status, including soil pH, EC, organic carbon, available N, P, K, and Zn, also enhanced due to coinoculation. The stimulatory effects by co-inoculation are presumably affirmed due to unique metabolites such as indole, tryptophan, leucine, benzaldehyde, octadecanoic acid, α-D-galactopyranoside, and L- Proline as evidenced through metabolite profiling using GC-MS. Our results concur that the positive interaction of non-rhizobial endophytic yeast with rhizobial strain may emerge as a novel bio-inoculant for sustainable pulse productivity. Keywords Mungbean . Non-rhizobial endophytic yeast (NRE) . Candida tropicalis . Rhizobium sp. interaction . Growth attributes . Soil nutrition
1 Introduction In the current agrarian scenario, pulse crops play a significant role in meeting the global protein supplement and contributes zero hunger. However, it is highly impossible to meet the growing demand with average productivity of 500 kg ha−1. Among the grain legumes, mungbean is one of the essential pulse crops widely grown in India under irrigated as well as rain-fed conditions. Mungbean is the dietary component for * Sivakumar Uthandi [email protected] 1
Biocatalysts Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 003, India
2
Centre for Post Harvest Technology, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, India
3
Department of Physical Sciences and Information Technology, Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641 003, India
millions of individuals in many nations and an inexpensive source of plant protein (17–34%) (Gaur 1993), which is almost three times that of cereals. Also, it contains 60% carbohydrate, 1.3% fat, and is the most abundant source of phosphoric acid among pulses. Besides, it is being used as nutritive fodder, especially for milch animals. India
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