Combined or Individual Effects of Dietary Probiotic Pedicoccus acidilactici and Nucleotide on Growth Performance, Intest
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Combined or Individual Effects of Dietary Probiotic Pedicoccus acidilactici and Nucleotide on Growth Performance, Intestinal Microbiota, Hemato-biochemical Parameters, and Innate Immune Response in Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Nooshin Mehdinejad 1 & Mohammad Reza Imanpour 1 & Valiollah Jafari 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017
Abstract This study investigated the effect of dietary supplementation of probiotic Pedicoccus acidilactici and nucleotide (separately or combined) on growth performance, intestinal microbiota, hemato-immunological parameters, and immunity response in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Fish (average weight 5–6 g) were acclimatized and divided into eight experimental diets supplemented with P. acidilactici of different concentrations (0.1, 0.2, and 0.3% diet) and nucleotides (0 and 0.5% diet) for 6 months. Fish fed with experimental diets showed significant differences in terms of final weight, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, daily growth rate, and condition factor when compared to control diet (P < 0.05). Fish fed with probiotic (0.3%) separately and combined with nucleotide (0.5%) had highest RBC and WBC when compared to other diets (P < 0.05), while the highest values for Hb and Hct as well as total protein, glucose, albumin, and globulin were observed in probiotic (0.2%) and nucleotide (0.5%) combined diet. Serum lysozyme and anti-protease activities were significantly higher in probiotic (0.1 and 0.2%) and nucleotide (0.5%) combined diets. Similarly, these two diets combined showed the highest colonization of P. acidilactici when compared to other diets. In conclusion, combined dietary probiotic and nucleotide improve the growth performance, hematobiochemical parameters, and intestine growth in C. auratus. Keywords Blood parameters . Goldfish . Growth performance . Intestinal microbiota . Nucleotide . Pedicoccus acidilactici * Nooshin Mehdinejad [email protected]
1
Department of Fisheries, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
Introduction The commercial production of ornamental fish is gaining momentum as a global component of international trade, fisheries, and aquaculture development. The last four decades have witnessed considerable growth and diversification in the international trade of ornamental fish [1]. Goldfish, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus, 1758), a member of the Cyprinidae family, is one of the most popular aquarium fish and is extremely valuable commercially. Goldfish do not only have attractive color but also are hardy and easy to culture, so they make excellent aquarium species and laboratory species. Moreover, their hardiness and ready availability give them scientific value for genetic and physiological research also [2]. Nucleotides are low-molecular-weight biological compounds that play major roles in most biological processes [3]. Although early studies on dietary nucleotide supplementation in fish nutrition could be traced to the 1970s, research at that time was mainly focused on the potential chemoa
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