Comparative genome analysis of 12 Shigella sonnei strains: virulence, resistance, and their interactions
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Comparative genome analysis of 12 Shigella sonnei strains: virulence, resistance, and their interactions Zuobin Zhu 1 & Liang Wang 2,3 & Huimin Qian 4 & Feng Gu 5 & Ying Li 6 & Heng Zhang 7 & Ying Chen 6 & Jiajia Shi 8 & Ping Ma 6,9 & Changjun Bao 4 & Bing Gu 6,9 Received: 23 April 2020 / Revised: 20 August 2020 / Accepted: 28 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract Shigellosis is a highly infectious disease that is mainly transmitted via fecal-oral contact of the bacteria Shigella. Four species have been identified in Shigella genus, among which Shigella flexneri is used to be the most prevalent species globally and commonly isolated from developing countries. However, it is being replaced by Shigella sonnei that is currently the main causative agent for dysentery pandemic in many emerging industrialized countries such as Asia and the Middle East. For a better understanding of S. sonnei virulence and antibiotic resistance, we sequenced 12 clinical S. sonnei strains with varied antibiotic-resistance profiles collected from four cities in Jiangsu Province, China. Phylogenomic analysis clustered antibiotic-sensitive and resistant S. sonnei into two distinct groups while pan-genome analysis reveals the presence and absence of unique genes in each group. Screening of 31 classes of virulence factors found out that type 2 secretion system is doubled in resistant strains. Further principle component analysis based on the interactions between virulence and resistance indicated that abundant virulence factors are associated with higher levels of antibiotic resistance. The result present here is based on statistical analysis of a small sample size and serves basically as a guidance for further experimental and theoretical studies. Keywords Shigella sonnei . Virulence factor . Comparative genomics . Antibiotics resistance . Shigellosis
Zuobin Zhu, Liang Wang and Huimin Qian contributed equally to this work. The manuscript is available online in BioRxiv as a preprint https://doi. org/10.1101/544387. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10123-020-00145-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Bing Gu [email protected]
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Clinical Laboratory, Xuzhou Tumor Hospital, Xuzhou 221004, China
1
Department of Genetics, School of Life Science, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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Medical Technology School of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
2
Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
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Ji’ning Psychiatric Hospital, Jining 272051, China
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School of Transportation, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
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Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221006, China
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Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, China
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Department of Acute Infectious Disease Prevention and
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