Effects of the antibiotic growth promoters flavomycin and florfenicol on the autochthonous intestinal microbiota of hybr
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ORIGINAL PAPER
EVects of the antibiotic growth promoters Xavomycin and Xorfenicol on the autochthonous intestinal microbiota of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus $ £ O. aureus #) Suxu He · Zhigang Zhou · Yuchun Liu · Yanan Cao · Kun Meng · Pengjun Shi · Bin Yao · Einar Ringø
Received: 29 March 2010 / Revised: 24 August 2010 / Accepted: 1 September 2010 / Published online: 16 September 2010 © Springer-Verlag 2010
Abstract The 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE and rpoB quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) techniques were used to evaluate the eVects of dietary Xavomycin and Xorfenicol on the autochthonous intestinal microbiota of hybrid tilapia. The Wsh were fed four diets: control, dietary Xavomycin, Xorfenicol and their combination. After 8 weeks of feeding, 6 Wsh from each cage were randomly chosen for the analysis. The total number of intestinal bacteria was determined by RQPCR. The results showed that dietary antibiotics signiWcantly inXuenced the intestinal microbiota and dramatically reduced the intensity of total intestinal bacterial counts. The intensity of some phylotypes (EU563257, EU563262 and EU563255) were reduced to non-detectable levels by both dietary antibiotics, while supplementation of Xorfenicol to the diet also reduced the intensity of the phylotypes EU563242 and EU563262, uncultured Mycobacterium sp.-like, uncultured Cyanobacterium-like and uncultured Cyanobacterium (EU563246). Dietary Xavomycin only reduced the OTU intensity of one phylotype, identiWed as a
Communicated by Shuang-Jiang Liu. S. He · Z. Zhou (&) · Y. Liu · Y. Cao · K. Meng · P. Shi · B. Yao (&) Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081 Beijing, People’s Republic of China e-mail: [email protected] B. Yao e-mail: [email protected] E. Ringø Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, University of Tromsø, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
member of the phylum Fusobacteria. The antibiotic combination only reduced the phylotypes EU563242 and EU563262. Based on our results, we conclude that the reduced eVect of Xorfenicol on intestinal microbiota was stronger than that of Xavomycin, and when Xavomycin and Xorfenicol were added in combination, the eVect of Xorfenicol overshadowed that of Xavomycin. Keywords Hybrid tilapia · Dietary Xavomycin · Florfenicol · RQ-PCR · DGGE · Intestinal bacteria
Introduction Aquaculture animals are colonized by trillions of microorganisms that have a symbiotic relationship with their host and are distributed in gill, body surface and gastrointestinal (GI) tract (Frenkiel and Mouëza 1995; Armstrong et al. 2001; Izvekova et al. 2007). The majority of these microbes inhabits the GI tract and plays an important role in nutritional, physiological and pathological events (Denev et al. 2009; MerriWeld et al. 2010; Nayak 2010). During the last decade, several studies have showed that the composition of Wsh intestinal microbiota is highly variable and is aVected by the developmental stages, diet and e
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