Comparative repellent activity of single, binary and ternary combinations of plant essential oils and their major compon
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Comparative repellent activity of single, binary and ternary combinations of plant essential oils and their major components against Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Athanase Hategekimana1,2 · Fedai Erler2 Received: 6 May 2020 / Accepted: 22 June 2020 © Deutsche Phytomedizinische Gesellschaft 2020
Abstract In the present study, repellent activity of three plant essential oils (EOs) [anise (Pimpinella anisum L.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn.) and peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)] and their major components (trans-anethole, 1,8-cineole and L-menthol, respectively) was evaluated at five concentrations (3.6, 7.1, 14.3, 28.6 and 57.1 µl/l air) through Y-tube olfactometer against the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), under laboratory conditions. The binary (1:1) and ternary (1:1:1) combinations of the EOs and/or components were also evaluated for their possible combination effects (synergism, antagonism and additive effect). The results showed that all the EOs and components tested, both alone and in binary and ternary combinations, had a repellent activity on adult S. oryzae. However, repellency was concentration dependent (P = 0.05). None of the combinations tested had a statistically significant influence on the repellence against adult S. oryzae (P = 0.05). Based on the estimated RC50 (the concentration required to obtain 50% repellency) values, binary and ternary combinations generally had lower RC50 values, indicating that they were more repellent to S. oryzae than the single application of EOs or components, except for anise EO and 1,8-cineole. Considering the combination index (CI) values, most of the binary and ternary combinations showed synergistic effects (CI 1). Overall results suggest that EOs and their components may help prevent the rice weevil infestations and can be used to develop new products that meet expectations. Keywords Essential oil · Component · Repellent activity · Sitophilus oryzae · Combination effect
Introduction Insect pests of stored products cause serious post-harvest losses in various crops (cereals, legumes, dried fruits and vegetables) and reduce their quantity and quality (Anankware et al. 2012). In developing countries, about 15% of grains are annually damaged by insect pests during storage (Kumar and Kalita 2017). The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae L. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is one of the most troublesome and destructive primary pests of stored grains * Fedai Erler [email protected] 1
Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources Development Board (RAB), P.O. Box 5016, Kigali, Rwanda
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
2
in the world. This species is capable of causing considerable economic losses when no control measures are taken (Thangaraj et al. 2019). It attacks a variety of grains or grain products, although rice and wheat are among the most common sources of its feeding (Buchelos and Athanassiou 1999; Kim et al. 2019).
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