Complete mitochondrial genome of Anxi cattle ( Bos taurus )
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TECHNICAL NOTE
Complete mitochondrial genome of Anxi cattle (Bos taurus) Xian Guo1 · Xuezhi Ding1 · Xiaoyun Wu1 · Pengjia Bao1 · Lin Xiong1 · Ping Yan1 · Jie Pei1
Received: 13 July 2017 / Accepted: 9 August 2017 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2017
Abstract Anxi cattle (Bos taurus) is an endangered species native to China. It has strong adaptive abilities to harsh desert conditions such as heat, cold, and drought tolerance; disease resistance; and stable inheritance. However, it is on the brink of extinction because of its shrinking population in the past few years due to the introduction and invasion of exotic species and the lack of awareness of germplasm resource protection. Mitochondrial DNA, a well-known genetic marker, has been successfully applied to molecular phylogenetics and population genetics. This study reported a whole mitogenome for Anxi cattle (B. taurus), which was sequenced using Illumina Hiseq 2500 platform. The length of complete mitogenome of Anxi cattle (B. taurus) breed was 16,341 bp (bp), containing 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes, and a non-coding control region. It also contained the origin of L-strand replication (32 bp long), which was between tRNA-Asn and tRNACys. The base composition of the genome was A (33.4%), C (26.0%), G (13.4%), and T (27.2%) with an A + T content of 60.6%. The molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed four major lineages, and the Anxi cattle breed had a close genetic connection with B. taurus and B. indicus clusters but was still distinctly outside them. This study identified the phylogenetic status of Anxi cattle (B. taurus) breed and offered essential molecular genetic information for the conservation of germplasm resources. * Ping Yan [email protected] * Jie Pei [email protected] 1
Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 335 Jiangouyan, Qilihe District, Lanzhou 730050, China
Keywords Anxi cattle (Bos taurus) · Illumina sequencing · Mitochondrial genome Anxi cattle (Bos taurus), a valuable breeding resource from Anxi county, Gansu province, China, has long been used to transport goods due to its genetic adaptation to the desert environment. It can survive against extremely hot weather, bitter cold, and high winds, indicating that this species is rich with a large collection of excellent genes to adapt to extreme environments. In addition, Anxi cattle is the best original resource to cultivate high-yield breeds and develop animal husbandry because of the stable pure lines despite difficult survival conditions for exotic species in this area. However, Anxi cattle has been in danger of becoming extinct in recent years as a result of the popularization of agricultural mechanization and transition from transportation to meat production in livestock farming. Also, the lack of awareness of the conservation of Anxi cattle germplasm resources has led to the reduction in its population size. Mitochondrial DNA has been widely applied as a powerful molecular tool in biodiversity
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