The complete mitochondrial genome of Rhinoceros hornbill (Bucerotiformes: Bucerotidae)
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TECHNICAL NOTE
The complete mitochondrial genome of Rhinoceros hornbill (Bucerotiformes: Bucerotidae) Yanhong Lan1 · Mengjia Liu1 · Yi Cao1 Received: 7 December 2017 / Accepted: 30 December 2017 © Springer Science+Business Media B.V., part of Springer Nature 2018
Abstract The Rhinoceros hornbill has been listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species due to population decline and habitat loss. Mitochondrial genome sequence is informative and very useful for systematics and conservation biology studies. Here we first reported the complete mitochondrial genome sequence of R. hornbill by next-generation sequencing (NGS). The complete mitochondrial genome sequence of R. hornbill was 17,390 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PGCs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 1 control region (D-loop). The overall nucleotide composition of this mitochondrial genome was 32.02% A, 23.42% T, 31.89% C, and 13.80% G, respectively, and the percentage of G+C content was 45.69%. This result provided new molecular biology information to further understand the genetic diversity of the R. hornbill, which will help to protect this population. Keywords Rhinoceros hornbill · Mitochondrial genome · Protein-coding genes The Rhinoceros hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros), known as the state bird of the Malaysian state of Sarawak and the country’s National Bird, belongs to the genus Buceros within the subfamily Bucerotinae of the family Bucerotidae. This species distributes widely in Borneo, Sumatra, Java, the Malay Peninsula, Singapore, and southern Thailand. R. hornbill has been listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (Mcginley 2012) and included the “Washington Convention” CITES II level protected animals. However, loss of its rainforest habitat, as well as hunting for its meat, and its skull and feathers have caused dramatic population decline during the past decades (Reilly 2010; Mohd-Azlan et al. 2016). Molecular studies about R. hornbill were limited and the complete mitochondrial genome of R. hornbill has not been determined and characterized until now. Therefore, the aim
Yanhong Lan and Mengjia Liu have contributed equally to this work. * Yi Cao [email protected] 1
Microbiology and Metabolic Engineering of Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
of this study was to first assemble the mitochondrial genome of R. hornbill. The information of sample was stored in NCBI with an accession number SAMN02318191 (Zhang et al. 2014). The sequencing reads were trimmed using Trimmomatic v 0.36 (Bolger et al. 2014), and were assemblied using NOVOPlasty v2.6.3 software (Dierckxsens et al. 2017), then annotated and generated a physical map by MitoFish 3.30(http:// mitofish.aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp/) (Iwasaki et al. 2013) (Fig. 1). The complete mitochondrial genome of R. hornbill was 17,390 bp in total length and had been deposited in GenBank database with an accessi
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