Concise review of the genus Hypnea J.V.Lamouroux, 1813
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Concise review of the genus Hypnea J.V.Lamouroux, 1813 Nair S. Yokoya 1
&
Fabio Nauer 1
&
Mariana C. Oliveira 2
Received: 6 January 2020 / Revised and accepted: 20 July 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The genus Hypnea (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) has currently 61 accepted species distributed in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions, growing in different habitats with a wide range of environmental factors and interactions with abiotic and biotic factors. Some Hypnea species are consumed by humans mostly in Asian and Indo-Pacific countries and are also exploited as raw material for kappa-carrageenan production, consequently, have been harvested and/or cultivated in several countries for decades. Hypnea musciformis has the widest geographical distribution around the world and it is the most studied species. However, more molecular studies on H. musciformis from different countries are necessary to understand the phenotypic plasticity and to reveal cryptic species. The present review is a compilation of information on taxonomy, morphology, anatomy, life history, distribution, ecology, physiology, cultivation and harvesting, chemical composition, and biotechnological applications. Although Hypnea species are well known as sources of carrageenans, reports on chemical diversity and biological activities highlight their remarkable potential for biotechnological applications. Keywords Hypnea . Rhodophyta . Biotechnological applications . Carrageenans . Color strains . Seaweed cultivation
Taxonomy Nomenclature Valid scientific name Lamouroux (1813) grouped 11 genera of red algae in the order Floridées, including the new genus Hypnea J.V. Lamouroux on the basis of five species (H. charoides J.V. Lamouroux, H. hamulosa J.V. Lamouroux, H. musciformis J.V. Lamouroux, H. spinulosa J.V. Lamouroux, and H. wighii J.V.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02209-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Nair S. Yokoya [email protected] 1
Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ficologia, Instituto de Botânica, Avenida Miguel Estefano 3687, São Paulo, SP 04301-902, Brazil
2
Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão 277, São Paulo, SP CEP 05508-090, Brazil
Lamouroux), which were removed from the genus Fucus Linnaeus (Tanaka 1941). After the designation of the genus Hypnea by Lamouroux (1813), other species were included, but the first systematic arrangement was made by Agardh (1852), who described twenty species and classified them into three sections based on the habit of the thallus. According to Guiry and Guiry (2020), the genus Hypnea is currently represented by 61 species (Table S1).
Nomenclatural synonyms The genus Hypnophycus was proposed by Kützing (1843) based on two species removed from the genus Hypnea: Hypnophycus musciformis Kützing and H. spicifera Kützing. However, Kützing (1847) reviewed the genus Hypnophycus and defined it as synonymous of Hypnea. Schmitz (
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