Critical-sized mandibular defect reconstruction using human dental pulp stem cells in a xenograft model-clinical, radiol
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Critical-sized mandibular defect reconstruction using human dental pulp stem cells in a xenograft model-clinical, radiological, and histological evaluation Juan G. Gutiérrez-Quintero 1 & Juan Y. Durán Riveros 1 & Carlos A. Martínez Valbuena 2 & Sofía Pedraza Alonso 1 & JC Munévar 3 & SM Viafara-García 3,4,5,6 Received: 2 November 2019 / Accepted: 4 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose This research evaluated clinical, histological, and radiological osseous regeneration in a critical-sized bilateral corticomedullary osseous defect in model rabbits from New Zealand after receiving a hydroxyapatite matrix and polylactic polyglycolic acid (HA/PLGA) implanted with human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Methods Eight New Zealand rabbits with bilateral mandibular critical-sized defects were performed where one side was treated with an HA/PLGA/DPSC matrix and the other side only with an HA/PLGA matrix for 4 weeks. Results An osseointegration was clinically observed as well as a reduction of 70% of the surgical lumen on one side and a 35% on the other. Histologically, there was neo-bone formation in HA/PLGA/DPSC scaffold and angiogenesis. A bone radiodensity (RD) of 80% was radiologically observed achieving density levels similar to mandibular bone, while the treatment with HA/ PLGA matrix achieves RD levels of 40% on its highest peaks. Conclusions HA/PLGA/DPSC scaffold was an effective in vivo method for mandibular bone regeneration in critical-sized defects induced on rabbit models. Keywords Bone regeneration . Mesenchymal stem cells . Xenograft . HA/PLGA scaffolds . Regenerative medicine
Introduction Structural and functional reconstruction on critical-sized defects is an important subject in conditions as trauma, cancer, and infections [1]. However, clinical and biological restrictions as aggressive and extensive treatments, and * Juan G. Gutiérrez-Quintero [email protected] 1
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
2
School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogota, Colombia
3
Unit of Basic Oral Investigation, School of Dentistry, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
4
Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica (CIIB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
5
Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Biofabrication, School of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
6
Cells for Cells, Santiago, Chile
complications associated with autogenous bone grafts including multiple required surgeries, potential morbidity, and the limited quantity of donor tissues could compromise the bone regeneration in craniomaxillofacial defects [2, 3]. Allogeneic or xenogeneic grafts are considered as optional treatments despite their inherent limitations including immunogenic responses, infection, and pathogen transmission risks [4, 5]. For these reasons, bone tissue engineering has emerged as a potential therapy wherein different biological strategies have been
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